This article pose the hypothesis that the terms of trade resulting from the interaction of market forces are the expression of the power relations that exist between the interest groups of a social system. An analytical framework to test this hypothesis is applied to the case of oil prices and theoretical implications are derived for the economic models, that should consider the power variable into their theory of prices.

Economic theory has to conceptualize the "economic reality" as a process. More precisely, as a system that operates through the interaction of social groups through their respective economic agents. These agents have different behaviors and have unequal terms of trade. "Reality" is the continuing transformation of these phenomena under the conflict of opposing interests, but also the dynamism of common interests. To understand the economic phenomenon, predict events and change the course of history is important to analyze in depth the power structure of society, to study the actual behavior of economic agents as part of social groups that you understand and establish joint between them. Thus can be explained, ultimately, changes in levels and rates with changing economic events. This is the case, for example, taxes, government spending, personal income, production, utilities, among other...

​This article presents the conditions in which the Peruvian agrarian sector develops its activities, and in which it should reach levels of international competitiveness. It also analyzes the historical conditions -of both socioeconomic and institutional nature- that have obstructed the arisen of a modern entrepreneurial spirit. Finally, it presents the threats and risks that this sector will face in the next century. It concludes that the essential condition to succeed consists in having a systematic understanding of the agrarian activities.

La Cordillera de los Andes es la columna vertebral del territorio de los países de la Comunidad Andina. La verticalidad del espacio, su posición en el trópico y la proximidad al océano Pacífico, configuran una de las más extraordinarias y complejas geografías de la tierra, donde se da origen al agua de la Amazonía y de la cuenca del Pacífico.