The Convention on Biological Diversity is an international legal instrument aimed at undertaking global efforts for the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity components and sharing the benefits of using genetic resources. This article takes stock of the achievements and challenges of this global agreement and proposes new strategic objectives and crucial goals post-2020 to reverse the accelerated loss of species and collapse of ecosystems. This paper reviews in detail the strategies adopted by the Convention on Biological Diversity in two strategic plans from 1993 to 2020, and the thematic programs and the Cartagena and Nagoya protocols. Achievements have not been significant in regards of ecosystems or the inclusion of all sectors and private stakeholders in public policies. The study presents a series of critical evaluations around the current debate appearing in the...