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The aim of this paper is to describe the study of Political Com- munication historiographically, showing its theoretical evolution. Political communication involves thinking of a discipline that has several theoretical approaches and schools of thought that, from the social sciences, politics, communication and sociology, have contributed to the construction of po- litical communication as a new academic discipline. Therefore, this paper seeks to contribute to the current discussions on the origin, definitions and approaches to analysis on political communication, which for many is con- sidered an illegitimate and trivial discipline, but which at the moment is in the center of the study of modern democracies from the remarkable crisis of political representation and political disaffection, the lack of political ideolo- gies and high personalization and especially the new forms of communi...
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Background: Central line (CL)-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) occurring in the intensive care unit (ICU) are common and associated with a high burden. Methods: We implemented a multidimensional approach, incorporating an 11-element bundle, education, surveillance of CLABSI rates and clinical outcomes, monitoring compliance with bundle components, feedback of CLABSI rates and clinical outcomes, and performance feedback in 316 ICUs across 30 low- and middle-income countries. Our dependent variables were CLABSI per 1,000-CL-days and in-ICU all-cause mortality rates. These variables were measured at baseline and during the intervention, specifically during the second month, third month, 4 to 16 months, and 17 to 29 months. Comparisons were conducted using a two-sample t test. To explore the exposure-outcome relationship, we used a generalized linear mixed model with a Poisson dis...