When Spain was invaded by Napoleon's troops fled and Fernando VII of Spain, he left a power vacuum in a vast territory that included both hemispheres: the Iberian Peninsula, America and the Philippines. In these circumstances, the May 22, 1810 the Board approved the calling of Cortes representative of the kingdoms of Spain, whose members would be elected on the basis of equal representation between American and Spanish. On September 24 of that year said Cortes met for the first time on the Island of San Fernando, virtually the only bastion that was not occupied by French troops. After nearly a year and a half of meetings and deliberations, the Constitution of Cádiz finally testing the March 14, 1812 and promulgated days after 19 March. The Cortes opt for a liberal constitution that establishes a new type of regime, the constitutional monarchy. These are times of patriotic fervor, but al...