Blockchain y Criptomonedas: su funcionamiento y un análisis de portafolio eficiente de Markowitz para las 10 principales criptomonedas

• Autores: Mendoza Rodríguez, Gustavo Adolfo, Guanilo Castillo, Gabriela del Cisne, Rijalba Palacios, Pablo, Mogollón Taboada, Marlon Martin, Trelles Pozo, Luis Ramón, Gonzáles Alcedo, Richard Edgar
• Formato: artículo
• Fecha de Publicación: 2025
• Institución: Universidad Nacional de Frontera
• Repositorio: UNF-Aypate
• Lenguaje: español
• OAI Identifier: oai:ojs2.aypate.revista.unf.edu.pe:article/146
• Enlace del recurso: https://revistas.unf.edu.pe/index.php/aypate/article/view/146
• Nivel de acceso: acceso abierto
• Materia: blockchain; cryptomoneda; Bitcoin; peer-to-peer; proof of staket; tecnologías distribuidas; Teoría de portafolio Markowitz; Cryptocurrency; distributed technology; markowitz portfolio theory

This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the functioning of cryptocurrencies and the blockchain technology that enables them. The analysis is conducted during the first semester of 2024, a period of relative stability in cryptocurrency financial markets. In addition to this, the study discusses regulatory challenges and barriers to the mass adoption of cryptocurrencies. As Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies gain acceptance, the absence of a clear and uniform regulatory framework poses significant risks for both investors and financial institutions. The study highlights the importance of developing appropriate regulations that can mitigate these risks without stifling innovation. Furthermore, real-world use cases in various industries are examined, showcasing blockchain’s transformative potential beyond the financial sector. For example, in supply chain management, blockchain can ensure product traceability, while in digital asset management, it can facilitate more secure and efficient transactions. The analysis also incorporates Markowitz’s portfolio theory, applied to a cryptocurrency portfolio, assessing the balance between risk and return. The diversification of a cryptocurrency portfolio, based on Markowitz’s principles, can help optimize risk-adjusted returns, providing a valuable tool for investors in this emerging market. Cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology are reshaping the global financial landscape. Despite regulatory and technical challenges, their ability to enable more transparent, secure, and efficient transactions presents enormous potential. It is essential for policies and regulations to evolve in parallel with these innovations to ensure the sustainable and secure development of the cryptocurrency market.