Deficiencia de micronutrientes y deterioro cognitivo en adultos mayores atendidos en consulta externa del Hospital Regional de Loreto, Iquitos 2024

• Autor: Chávez Taricuarima, Brenda Keila
• Formato: tesis de grado
• Fecha de Publicación: 2025
• Institución: Universidad Nacional De La Amazonía Peruana
• Repositorio: UNAPIquitos-Institucional
• Lenguaje: español
• OAI Identifier: oai:repositorio.unapiquitos.edu.pe:20.500.12737/12845
• Enlace del recurso: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12737/12845
• Nivel de acceso: acceso abierto
• Materia: Enfermedades carenciales; Micronutrientes; Disfunción cognitiva; Ancianos; https://purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.03.04

The aim of this study was to determine micronutrient intake, identify cognitive impairment, and analyze the relationship between these two factors in older adults treated at the outpatient clinic of the Regional Hospital of Loreto, Iquitos, during 2024. A sample of 343 older adults was studied, who completed a dietary questionnaire to assess nutrient intake and the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) to assess cognitive function. The results showed significant deficiencies in essential micronutrients such as iron (4.66 mg), calcium (850.27 mg), folic acid (88.55 µg), phosphorus (602.28 mg), potassium (850.27 mg), and thiamine (0.82 mg), while adequate levels of zinc (12.10 mg), riboflavin (11.70 mg), niacin (54.67 mg), and antioxidant vitamins such as vitamin C (244.80 mg), vitamin A (1.03 µg), and β-carotene (604.29 µg) were found. In terms of cognitive status, most participants performed normally, although a significant percentage were identified as having mild to moderate impairment, with males being the most affected. Spearman's correlation analysis showed a significant association between cognitive impairment and low intake of iron (ρ = 0.631; p < 0.001), calcium (ρ = 0.330; p = 0.003), and folic acid (ρ = 0.531; p = 0.034), as well as with sodium and potassium imbalance, highlighting the influence of nutrition on brain health in older adults. In conclusion, micronutrient deficiency is an important risk factor for the progression of cognitive impairment, underscoring the need to implement specific nutritional interventions in this population.