Adolescence as a risk factor for maternal-fetal complications in pregnant women treated at the Hospital de Ventanilla 2018

• Autor: Rivas-Alvarado, Luisa Magali
• Formato: artículo
• Fecha de Publicación: 2021
• Institución: Sociedad Materno Fetal
• Repositorio: Revista Internacional de Salud Materno Fetal
• Lenguaje: español
• OAI Identifier: oai:ojs2.ojs.revistamaternofetal.com:article/235
• Enlace del recurso: http://ojs.revistamaternofetal.com/index.php/RISMF/article/view/235
• Nivel de acceso: acceso abierto
• Materia: Embarazo adolescente; Riesgo; Complicaciones del embarazo

Introduction: Worldwide, 23% of pregnancy complications occur in adolescents, with a higher prevalence in intrauterine growth restriction and neonatal death. In Peru, Endes 2019, 12.6% of adolescents between 15 and 19 years old are pregnant or are mothers and according to INEI 2018, childbirth (54.9%), illnesses and complications related to pregnancy (9.5%) and abortion (6.8%), are causes of hospitalization. Objective: To demonstrate whether adolescence behaves as a risk factor for maternal-fetal complications in pregnant women treated at Hospital de Ventanilla 2018. Materials and Methods: Quantitative, observational, analytical, retrospective and cross-sectional study. Cohort design. Sample of 119 adolescent pregnant women between 12 and 17 years old, compared with 119 adult pregnant women between 20 and 40 years old, seen at the Hospital de Ventanilla from January to December 2018. Random selection. Variables, adolescent pregnancy and maternal-fetal complications. Documentary analysis of medical records. Instrument, data collection sheet. It was applied in SPSS V24, descriptive statistics, relative risk (RR), confidence interval (CI) 95% and significance level of 5%. Results: Uterine atony: 3.4% adolescents vs 1.7% adults [RR = 1.3; IC = 0.7-2.4; p = 0.480]. Placental remains: 5.9% adolescents vs 2.5% adults [RR = 1.4; IC = 0.9-2.1; p = 0.196]. Episiotomy: 58.8% adolescents vs 16% adults [RR = 2.3; IC = 1.8-3.0; p = 0.000]. Non-reassuring fetal state: 12.6% adolescents vs 8.4% adults [RR = 1.2 CI = 0.8-1.7; p = 0.290]. Low birth weight: 7.6% adolescents vs 0.8% adults [RR = 1.8; CI = 1.4-2.3; p = 0.010]. Apgar 0-3 at min: 4.2% adolescents vs 1.7 adults [RR = 1.4; IC = 0.8-2.3; p = 0.250]. Conclusions: 2.3 times higher risk of episiotomy during childbirth in adolescents compared to adults and 1.8 times higher risk of low birth weight in babies of adolescent mothers compared to babies of adult mothers.