Association between BCG vaccination and tuberculosis diagnosis: a life-course approach and clinical features

• Autores: Li Salvador, Cristina Alejandra, Tasayco Garcia, Darla Katherine
• Formato: artículo
• Fecha de Publicación: 2025
• Institución: Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño San Borja
• Repositorio: INSNS - Revistas
• Lenguaje: español
• OAI Identifier: oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/133
• Enlace del recurso: https://investigacionpediatrica.insnsb.gob.pe/index.php/iicqp/article/view/133
• Nivel de acceso: acceso abierto
• Materia: Tuberculosis; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Vacuna BCG; Tuberculosis pulmonar

Objective: To determine the association between BCG vaccination status and tuberculosis diagnosis across different life stages and clinical features in patients treated at the Dirección de Redes Integradas de Salud (DIRIS) Lima Sur from 2019 to 2022. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study used secondary data from the Sistema de Información Gerencial de Tuberculosis (SIGTB). A census sampling approach was employed, incorporating records from 2019 to 2022. Absolute and relative frequencies were calculated, and Chi-square (χ²) tests were used for comparisons. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to evaluate associations among variables, and Odds Ratios (OR) were computed. Results: The study included a total of 8,298 participants. No significant association was found between BCG vaccination and the occurrence of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) (OR = 0.92; 95% CI = 0.81–1.05; p = 0.232) or pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) (OR = 1.02; 95% CI = 0.99–1.05; p = 0.215). These findings suggest that BCG vaccination does not confer a clear protective effect in the analyzed population. However, when stratified by age, BCG vaccination demonstrated a significant protective effect against EPTB in children under five years old (OR = 0.23; 95% CI = 0.13–0.42; p < 0.001). Conclusions: No statistically significant association was identified between BCG vaccination and the presence of either EPTB or PTB, indicating that its protective effect remains inconclusive in the general study population. Nevertheless, stratified analysis by age demonstrated a significant protective effect of BCG vaccination against EPTB specifically in children under the age of five.