What are people talking about in moral outrage? Communication processes of online firestorms in Japan
Descripción del Articulo
In the age of the Internet, anonymous online users can form a societal reaction by posting large quantities of critique and insulting comments against (perceived) norm violations on social media. These so-called online firestorms, or Enjō in Japanese, tend to include aggressive behavior against the...
| Autor: | |
|---|---|
| Formato: | artículo |
| Fecha de Publicación: | 2020 |
| Institución: | Universidad de Piura |
| Repositorio: | Revista UDEP - Revista de Comunicación |
| Lenguaje: | inglés |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:revistas.udep.edu.pe:article/1647 |
| Enlace del recurso: | https://revistadecomunicacion.com/article/view/1647 |
| Nivel de acceso: | acceso abierto |
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What are people talking about in moral outrage? Communication processes of online firestorms in Japan ¿De qué habla la gente en la indignación moral? Procesos de comunicación de “tormentas de fuego en línea” en Japón |
| title |
What are people talking about in moral outrage? Communication processes of online firestorms in Japan |
| spellingShingle |
What are people talking about in moral outrage? Communication processes of online firestorms in Japan Kato, Hiroki |
| title_short |
What are people talking about in moral outrage? Communication processes of online firestorms in Japan |
| title_full |
What are people talking about in moral outrage? Communication processes of online firestorms in Japan |
| title_fullStr |
What are people talking about in moral outrage? Communication processes of online firestorms in Japan |
| title_full_unstemmed |
What are people talking about in moral outrage? Communication processes of online firestorms in Japan |
| title_sort |
What are people talking about in moral outrage? Communication processes of online firestorms in Japan |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv |
Kato, Hiroki |
| author |
Kato, Hiroki |
| author_facet |
Kato, Hiroki |
| author_role |
author |
| dc.description.none.fl_txt_mv |
In the age of the Internet, anonymous online users can form a societal reaction by posting large quantities of critique and insulting comments against (perceived) norm violations on social media. These so-called online firestorms, or Enjō in Japanese, tend to include aggressive behavior against the target. This research aims to reveal the dynamics of Enjō and explores how people communicate with each other in the formation process of Enjō by conducting a comparative case study. This study collects tweets posted in five Enjō cases and compares each case to create conceptual categories of the communication process of Enjō. Results show that the participants of Enjō interact with each other to define the problem of concern through exchange of information. Moreover, it is revealed that there are two types of process in the escalation of Enjō, “social problematization” and “villainization.” In the conclusion, the implications of these findings are discussed. En la era de Internet, los usuarios anónimos en línea pueden formar una reacción social al publicar grandes cantidades de críticas y comentarios insultantes, esto se considera violación de normas de etiqueta de las redes sociales. Estas llamadas “tormentas de fuego en línea”, o Enjō en japonés, tienden a incluir un comportamiento agresivo contra el objetivo de las mismas. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo revelar la dinámica de Enjō y explora cómo las personas se comunican entre sí en el proceso de formación de Enjō mediante la realización de un estudio de caso comparativo. Este estudio recopila tweets publicados en cinco casos de Enjō y compara cada caso para crear categorías conceptuales del proceso de comunicación de Enjō. Los resultados muestran que los participantes de Enjō interactúan entre sí para definir el problema de interés a través del intercambio de información. Además, se revela que hay dos tipos de procesos en la escalada de Enjō, "problematización social" y "villano". En conclusión, se discuten las implicaciones de estos hallazgos. |
| description |
In the age of the Internet, anonymous online users can form a societal reaction by posting large quantities of critique and insulting comments against (perceived) norm violations on social media. These so-called online firestorms, or Enjō in Japanese, tend to include aggressive behavior against the target. This research aims to reveal the dynamics of Enjō and explores how people communicate with each other in the formation process of Enjō by conducting a comparative case study. This study collects tweets posted in five Enjō cases and compares each case to create conceptual categories of the communication process of Enjō. Results show that the participants of Enjō interact with each other to define the problem of concern through exchange of information. Moreover, it is revealed that there are two types of process in the escalation of Enjō, “social problematization” and “villainization.” In the conclusion, the implications of these findings are discussed. |
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2020 |
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2020-03-10 |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Article evaluated by pairs text Artículo evaluado por pares texto |
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article |
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publishedVersion |
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https://revistadecomunicacion.com/article/view/1647 10.26441/RC19.1-2020-A12 |
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https://revistadecomunicacion.com/article/view/1647 |
| identifier_str_mv |
10.26441/RC19.1-2020-A12 |
| dc.language.none.fl_str_mv |
eng |
| language |
eng |
| dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
https://revistadecomunicacion.com/article/view/1647/1359 https://revistadecomunicacion.com/article/view/1647/1496 https://revistadecomunicacion.com/article/view/1647/1523 /*ref*/Adachi, Y. & Takeda, F. (2016). Characteristics and stock prices of firms flamed on the Internet: The evidence from Japan. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 17 (2014), 49-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elerap.2016.03.001 Asch, S. E. (1952). Social Psychology. Englewood Cliffs, N.J., US: Prentice-Hall. Becker, H. S. (1963). Outsiders: Studies in the Sociology of Deviance. New York, US: The Free Press. Blumer, H. G. (1969). Symbolic Interactionism: Perspective and Method. Englewood Cliffs, N.J., US: Prentice Hall. Buckels, E. E., Trapnell, P. D. & Paulhus, D. L. (2014). Trolls just want to have fun. Personality and Individual Differences, 67, 97-102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.01.016 Durkheim, É. (1978). The rules of sociological method (T. Miyajima, Trans.) [in Japanese]. Tokyo, Japan: Iwanami-Shoten. (Translate Les regles de la methode sociologique, 1960, 14th ed., Paris, France: Presses Universitaires de France.) eltes. (2017). Media trend in Enjō [in Japanese]. Retrieved from Digital Risk Research Institute: https://www.eltes-orm.com/ Erikson, K. T. (1966). Wayward Puritans: A study in the sociology of deviance. New York, US: Wiley. Fujishiro, H. (2014). The age when everyone is journalist: middle media’s roles and problems. In K. Endo (Ed.). The journalism in complexedly-mediated societies: Do social media change public nature? (pp. 103-123) [in Japanese]. Tokyo, Japan: Tokyo Denki University Press. Glaser, B. G. & Strauss, A. L. (1965). Awareness of Dying. New York, US: Aldine Publishing Company. Glaser, B. G. & Strauss, A. L. (1967). The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research. Chicago, US: Aldine Publishing Company. Hogetsu, M. (2004). Sociology of deviance and control [in Japanese]. Tokyo, Japan: Yuhikaku. Kawakami, N. (2014). A cultural area formed on the Internet. In N. Kawakami (Ed.). The culture created by the Internet: The age when anyone can express themselves on the web (pp. 9-40) [in Japanese]. Tokyo, Japan: KADOKAWA. Kiesler, S., Siegel, J. & McGuire, T. (1984). Social Psychological Aspects of Computer-Mediated Communication. American Psychologist, 39, 1123-1134. https://doi.org/10.1 037/0003-066X.39.10.1123 Kobayashi, N. (2011). Collection of Enjō cases on social media [in Japanese]. Tokyo, Japan: Nikkei-BP. Korenaga, R. (2008). Communication in cyber space: Why is the Internet in flames. In Y. Hashimoto (Ed.), Media and communication studies (pp. 162-179) [in Japanese]. Tokyo, Japan: Taisyukan- Syobō. Miura, A. (2010). Communication in digital media. In M. Aikawa & J. Takai (Eds.), Communication and interpersonal relationships (pp. 20-36) [in Japanese]. Tokyo, Japan: Seishin- Syobō. Morio, H. (2009). CMC and interpersonal relationships. In A. Miura, H. Morio, & Y. Kawaura (Eds.), The frontier of Internet psychology: Individual, group, and society (pp. 88-115) [in Japanese]. Tokyo, Japan: Seishin- Syobō. Nakagawa, J. (2010). Crazy people who participate in Enjō: How to cope with mysterious Internet fundamentalists [in Japanese]. Tokyo, Japan: Takarajimasya. NHK. (2017). Tracking Enjō for 500 days [in Japanese]. Retrieved from NHK NEWS WEB: https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news /special/ Ogiue, C. (2007). Web Enjō: Stampede and potentiality of Internet crowd [in Japanese]. Tokyo, Japan: Chikuma- Syobō. Reicher, S. D., Spears, R. & Postmes, T. (1995). A Social Identity Model of Deindividuation Phenomena. In W. Stroebe & M. Hewstone (Eds.), European Review of Social Psychology (Vol. 6), 161-198. https://doi.org/10.1080/14792779443000049 Sato, I. (2008). The methodology of qualitative analysis: Its principles, methods, and practices [in Japanese]. Tokyo, Japan: Sinyousya. Scott, C. (1998). To reveal or not to reveal: A theoretical model for anonymous communication. Communication Theory, 8(4), 381–407. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2885.1998.tb00226.x Sherif, M. & Harvey, O. J. (1952). A Study in Ego Functioning: Elimination of Stable Anchorages in Individual and Group Situations. Sociometry, 15(3), 272-305. https://doi.org/10.2307/2785740 Spears, R., Lea, M. & Postmes, T. (2007). Computer Mediated-Communication and Social Identity. In A. N. Joinson, K. Y. A. McKenna, T. Postmes, & U. D. Reips (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Internet Psychology (pp. 253-272). New York, US: Oxford University Press. Spector, M. & Kitsuse, J. I. (1977). Constructing Social Problems. Menlo Park, CA, US: Cummings. Sproull, L. & Kiesler, S. (1986). Reducing Social Context Cues: Electronic Mail in Organizational Communication. Management Science, 32, 1492-1512. https://doi.org/1 0.1287/mnsc.32.11.1492 Tanaka, T. (2016). Characteristics of the participants of Enjō and countermeasures for Enjō. Japanese Journal of Clinical Psychiatry [in Japanese], 45(10), 1225-1236. Tanaka, T. & Yamaguchi, S. (2016). A study of Enjō: Who perpetrate, and how should we deal with it? [in Japanese]. Tokyo, Japan: Keisō-Syobō. Toriumi, F. & Sakaki, T. (2016). Rumor and Enjō: Their diffusion and convergence. In K. Endo (Ed.), Social media and public opinion: Complexed-media shock the world (pp. 220-238) [in Japanese]. Tokyo, Japan: Tokyo Denki University Press. Turner, R. H., & Killian, L. M. (1987). Collective behavior (3rd ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ, US: Prentice-Hall. Yamaguchi, S. (2017). Empirical analysis of the motives for commenting in Enjō. InfoCom REVIEW [in Japanese], (69), 61-74. Yoshino, H. (2016). Domestic condition and transition of Enjō: Focused on online survey. Corporate Communication Studies [in Japanese], (20), 66-83. Zimbardo, P. G. (1969). The Human Choice: Individuation, Reason, and Order versus Deindividuation, Impulse, and Chaos. In W. J. Arnold & D. Levine (Eds.), Nebraska Symposium on Motivation (pp. 237-307). Lincoln, NE, US: University of Nebraska Press. @aconitine_NEO. (2015, August 8). Female divers have tended to be described sexually and they have objected to it for a long time [Twitter post, in Japanese]. https://twitter.com/aconitine_NEO/status/630008727689519105 @hasekiyo2468. (2016, August 15). This is terrible [Twitter post, in Japanese]. https://twitter.com/hasekiyo2468/status/764970138147794944 @HNamachiri. (2018, May 23). It says that Tanaka Hidetoshi has intimidated staff members at the university with this photo [Twitter post, in Japanese]. https://twitter.com/HNamachiri/status/999168835495211008 @jackyie. (2015, August 8). In Japan, there exist so many sexual anime characters in public [Twitter post, in Japanese]. https://twitter.com/jackyie/status /62995525041 8388992 @KTB_genki. (2015, March 20). The management who decided to release the commercial should be blamed for the problem and resign [Twitter post, in Japanese]. https://twitter.com/KTB_genki/status/578655593986170880 @sakuya_little. (2016, August 15). There should be a reason for such a high cost [Twitter post, in Japanese]. https://twitter.com/sakuya_little/status/764949126387642368 @shinmk. (2016, August 17). I do not feel that this problem is somebody else’s business. [Twitter post, in Japanese]. https://twitter.com/shinmk/status/76575993792 2338816 @ys5project. (2016, August 15). I can understand the accuser’s claim but I feel that the company’s PC support is satisfying and the cost of its services is relatively reasonable [Twitter post, in Japanese]. https://twitter.com/ys5project/status/764875011 660222464 |
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Revista de Comunicación; Vol 19 No 1 (2020); 207-219 Revista de Comunicación; Vol. 19 Núm. 1 (2020); 207-219 2227-1465 1684-0933 reponame:Revista UDEP - Revista de Comunicación instname:Universidad de Piura instacron:UDEP |
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What are people talking about in moral outrage? Communication processes of online firestorms in Japan¿De qué habla la gente en la indignación moral? Procesos de comunicación de “tormentas de fuego en línea” en JapónKato, HirokiIn the age of the Internet, anonymous online users can form a societal reaction by posting large quantities of critique and insulting comments against (perceived) norm violations on social media. These so-called online firestorms, or Enjō in Japanese, tend to include aggressive behavior against the target. This research aims to reveal the dynamics of Enjō and explores how people communicate with each other in the formation process of Enjō by conducting a comparative case study. This study collects tweets posted in five Enjō cases and compares each case to create conceptual categories of the communication process of Enjō. Results show that the participants of Enjō interact with each other to define the problem of concern through exchange of information. Moreover, it is revealed that there are two types of process in the escalation of Enjō, “social problematization” and “villainization.” In the conclusion, the implications of these findings are discussed.En la era de Internet, los usuarios anónimos en línea pueden formar una reacción social al publicar grandes cantidades de críticas y comentarios insultantes, esto se considera violación de normas de etiqueta de las redes sociales. Estas llamadas “tormentas de fuego en línea”, o Enjō en japonés, tienden a incluir un comportamiento agresivo contra el objetivo de las mismas. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo revelar la dinámica de Enjō y explora cómo las personas se comunican entre sí en el proceso de formación de Enjō mediante la realización de un estudio de caso comparativo. Este estudio recopila tweets publicados en cinco casos de Enjō y compara cada caso para crear categorías conceptuales del proceso de comunicación de Enjō. Los resultados muestran que los participantes de Enjō interactúan entre sí para definir el problema de interés a través del intercambio de información. Además, se revela que hay dos tipos de procesos en la escalada de Enjō, "problematización social" y "villano". En conclusión, se discuten las implicaciones de estos hallazgos.Universidad de Piura. Facultad de Comunicación2020-03-10info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionArticle evaluated by pairstextArtículo evaluado por parestextoapplication/pdfapplication/xmltext/htmlhttps://revistadecomunicacion.com/article/view/164710.26441/RC19.1-2020-A12Revista de Comunicación; Vol 19 No 1 (2020); 207-219Revista de Comunicación; Vol. 19 Núm. 1 (2020); 207-2192227-14651684-0933reponame:Revista UDEP - Revista de Comunicacióninstname:Universidad de Piurainstacron:UDEPenghttps://revistadecomunicacion.com/article/view/1647/1359https://revistadecomunicacion.com/article/view/1647/1496https://revistadecomunicacion.com/article/view/1647/1523/*ref*/Adachi, Y. & Takeda, F. (2016). Characteristics and stock prices of firms flamed on the Internet: The evidence from Japan. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 17 (2014), 49-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elerap.2016.03.001 Asch, S. E. (1952). Social Psychology. Englewood Cliffs, N.J., US: Prentice-Hall. Becker, H. S. (1963). Outsiders: Studies in the Sociology of Deviance. New York, US: The Free Press. Blumer, H. G. (1969). Symbolic Interactionism: Perspective and Method. Englewood Cliffs, N.J., US: Prentice Hall. Buckels, E. E., Trapnell, P. D. & Paulhus, D. L. (2014). Trolls just want to have fun. Personality and Individual Differences, 67, 97-102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.01.016 Durkheim, É. (1978). The rules of sociological method (T. Miyajima, Trans.) [in Japanese]. Tokyo, Japan: Iwanami-Shoten. (Translate Les regles de la methode sociologique, 1960, 14th ed., Paris, France: Presses Universitaires de France.) eltes. (2017). Media trend in Enjō [in Japanese]. Retrieved from Digital Risk Research Institute: https://www.eltes-orm.com/ Erikson, K. T. (1966). Wayward Puritans: A study in the sociology of deviance. New York, US: Wiley. Fujishiro, H. (2014). The age when everyone is journalist: middle media’s roles and problems. In K. Endo (Ed.). The journalism in complexedly-mediated societies: Do social media change public nature? (pp. 103-123) [in Japanese]. Tokyo, Japan: Tokyo Denki University Press. Glaser, B. G. & Strauss, A. L. (1965). Awareness of Dying. New York, US: Aldine Publishing Company. Glaser, B. G. & Strauss, A. L. (1967). The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research. Chicago, US: Aldine Publishing Company. Hogetsu, M. (2004). Sociology of deviance and control [in Japanese]. Tokyo, Japan: Yuhikaku. Kawakami, N. (2014). A cultural area formed on the Internet. In N. Kawakami (Ed.). The culture created by the Internet: The age when anyone can express themselves on the web (pp. 9-40) [in Japanese]. Tokyo, Japan: KADOKAWA. Kiesler, S., Siegel, J. & McGuire, T. (1984). Social Psychological Aspects of Computer-Mediated Communication. American Psychologist, 39, 1123-1134. https://doi.org/10.1 037/0003-066X.39.10.1123 Kobayashi, N. (2011). Collection of Enjō cases on social media [in Japanese]. Tokyo, Japan: Nikkei-BP. Korenaga, R. (2008). Communication in cyber space: Why is the Internet in flames. In Y. Hashimoto (Ed.), Media and communication studies (pp. 162-179) [in Japanese]. Tokyo, Japan: Taisyukan- Syobō. Miura, A. (2010). Communication in digital media. In M. Aikawa & J. Takai (Eds.), Communication and interpersonal relationships (pp. 20-36) [in Japanese]. Tokyo, Japan: Seishin- Syobō. Morio, H. (2009). CMC and interpersonal relationships. In A. Miura, H. Morio, & Y. Kawaura (Eds.), The frontier of Internet psychology: Individual, group, and society (pp. 88-115) [in Japanese]. Tokyo, Japan: Seishin- Syobō. Nakagawa, J. (2010). Crazy people who participate in Enjō: How to cope with mysterious Internet fundamentalists [in Japanese]. Tokyo, Japan: Takarajimasya. NHK. (2017). Tracking Enjō for 500 days [in Japanese]. Retrieved from NHK NEWS WEB: https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news /special/ Ogiue, C. (2007). Web Enjō: Stampede and potentiality of Internet crowd [in Japanese]. Tokyo, Japan: Chikuma- Syobō. Reicher, S. D., Spears, R. & Postmes, T. (1995). A Social Identity Model of Deindividuation Phenomena. In W. Stroebe & M. Hewstone (Eds.), European Review of Social Psychology (Vol. 6), 161-198. https://doi.org/10.1080/14792779443000049 Sato, I. (2008). The methodology of qualitative analysis: Its principles, methods, and practices [in Japanese]. Tokyo, Japan: Sinyousya. Scott, C. (1998). To reveal or not to reveal: A theoretical model for anonymous communication. Communication Theory, 8(4), 381–407. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2885.1998.tb00226.x Sherif, M. & Harvey, O. J. (1952). A Study in Ego Functioning: Elimination of Stable Anchorages in Individual and Group Situations. Sociometry, 15(3), 272-305. https://doi.org/10.2307/2785740 Spears, R., Lea, M. & Postmes, T. (2007). Computer Mediated-Communication and Social Identity. In A. N. Joinson, K. Y. A. McKenna, T. Postmes, & U. D. Reips (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Internet Psychology (pp. 253-272). New York, US: Oxford University Press. Spector, M. & Kitsuse, J. I. (1977). Constructing Social Problems. Menlo Park, CA, US: Cummings. Sproull, L. & Kiesler, S. (1986). Reducing Social Context Cues: Electronic Mail in Organizational Communication. Management Science, 32, 1492-1512. https://doi.org/1 0.1287/mnsc.32.11.1492 Tanaka, T. (2016). Characteristics of the participants of Enjō and countermeasures for Enjō. Japanese Journal of Clinical Psychiatry [in Japanese], 45(10), 1225-1236. Tanaka, T. & Yamaguchi, S. (2016). A study of Enjō: Who perpetrate, and how should we deal with it? [in Japanese]. Tokyo, Japan: Keisō-Syobō. Toriumi, F. & Sakaki, T. (2016). Rumor and Enjō: Their diffusion and convergence. In K. Endo (Ed.), Social media and public opinion: Complexed-media shock the world (pp. 220-238) [in Japanese]. Tokyo, Japan: Tokyo Denki University Press. Turner, R. H., & Killian, L. M. (1987). Collective behavior (3rd ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ, US: Prentice-Hall. Yamaguchi, S. (2017). Empirical analysis of the motives for commenting in Enjō. InfoCom REVIEW [in Japanese], (69), 61-74. Yoshino, H. (2016). Domestic condition and transition of Enjō: Focused on online survey. Corporate Communication Studies [in Japanese], (20), 66-83. Zimbardo, P. G. (1969). The Human Choice: Individuation, Reason, and Order versus Deindividuation, Impulse, and Chaos. In W. J. Arnold & D. Levine (Eds.), Nebraska Symposium on Motivation (pp. 237-307). Lincoln, NE, US: University of Nebraska Press. @aconitine_NEO. (2015, August 8). Female divers have tended to be described sexually and they have objected to it for a long time [Twitter post, in Japanese]. https://twitter.com/aconitine_NEO/status/630008727689519105 @hasekiyo2468. (2016, August 15). This is terrible [Twitter post, in Japanese]. https://twitter.com/hasekiyo2468/status/764970138147794944 @HNamachiri. (2018, May 23). It says that Tanaka Hidetoshi has intimidated staff members at the university with this photo [Twitter post, in Japanese]. https://twitter.com/HNamachiri/status/999168835495211008 @jackyie. (2015, August 8). In Japan, there exist so many sexual anime characters in public [Twitter post, in Japanese]. https://twitter.com/jackyie/status /62995525041 8388992 @KTB_genki. (2015, March 20). The management who decided to release the commercial should be blamed for the problem and resign [Twitter post, in Japanese]. https://twitter.com/KTB_genki/status/578655593986170880 @sakuya_little. (2016, August 15). There should be a reason for such a high cost [Twitter post, in Japanese]. https://twitter.com/sakuya_little/status/764949126387642368 @shinmk. (2016, August 17). I do not feel that this problem is somebody else’s business. [Twitter post, in Japanese]. https://twitter.com/shinmk/status/76575993792 2338816 @ys5project. (2016, August 15). I can understand the accuser’s claim but I feel that the company’s PC support is satisfying and the cost of its services is relatively reasonable [Twitter post, in Japanese]. https://twitter.com/ys5project/status/764875011 660222464Derechos de autor 2020 Revista de Comunicaciónhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess2021-05-31T17:20:13Zmail@mail.com - |
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13.977305 |
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La información contenida en este registro es de entera responsabilidad de la institución que gestiona el repositorio institucional donde esta contenido este documento o set de datos. El CONCYTEC no se hace responsable por los contenidos (publicaciones y/o datos) accesibles a través del Repositorio Nacional Digital de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación de Acceso Abierto (ALICIA).
