It is proposed to study the role of the bishops during the execution of the Bourbon reforms of the second half of the eighteenth century in America. For the Peruvian case, historiography has focused solely on the mitrados considered with the epithet of «enlightened bishops» and that, in some cases, have served to be considered collaborators of the regalist plans of the Bourbon administration. This position overshadows the agenda of these prelates and the positions contrary to the regalist policy. Guided by the performance of Bartolomé María de las Heras in his episcopal government of Cusco, it will be shown how he established a front to combat the royal measures that increasingly threatened with greater force the privileges that the Church had enjoyed since its implantation on American soil.

Reflecting the richness and complexity of Andean studies, this issue of Allpanchis (No. 89, 2022-I) brings together different approaches to Andean history. In this way, readers can benefit from the results offered by the archaeological, linguistic, philological, cultural and historiographical analyzes presented here. Thus, the archaeologist Nils Sulca analyzes in detail the urban contribution of Wari (600 AD - 1000 AD), taking as a case study those settlements that reflect the structures and technologies of the imperial expansion of this culture.

Una decena de contribuciones se ocupan de explicar las consecuencias de la conquista española a través de las dinámicas poblacionales en distintos espacios del virreinato novohispano. Con el título Conquista y poblamiento. Los primeros registros parroquiales y demás fuentes tempranas para la historia demográfica del centro y norte de la Nueva España, siglos XIV-XVIII, editado por Chantal Cramaussel (Michoacán: El Colegio de Michoacán, 2021), el libro compilatorio ofrece aportes que se inscriben en la historia demográfica, las fuentes eclesiásticas y las repercusiones sociales de la conquista a nivel local. Si bien los trabajos se enfocan en regiones del actual México, el aporte de la obra amerita una lectura comparativa desde los Andes al identificarse algunas similitudes. Una discusión en conjunto puede estimular el desarrollo de la historia demográfica.

This issue of Allpanchis offers articles that deal —in an original way with Peruvian archeology, which tends to focus its efforts on civilizations and cultures during the pre-Hispanic period— with actors and spaces that have not yet been sufficiently analyzed. The African population in the viceregal estates, the islands of the Peruvian sea and the second settlement of the Spanish city of San Miguel de Piura are the topics that the contributors to this issue on Andean archeology occupy.

Hope, optimism and commitment were part of the values ​​deposited in the foundation of our Allpanchis magazine. Perhaps the best evidence of this is the name itself, which, in its Spanish version, intones the psalm: «our land will give its fruit», a profound interpellation that, in addition to the clear theological and pastoral agenda of its time, can be read as the commitment to the academic potential of our heritage. It did not take many years for the intellectual achievements of the research body of what was the Andean Pastoral Institute (IPA) to begin to be reaped, both companies run by a cohort of bishops, priests, nuns and pastoral agents. Within the research projects of the IPA, aimed at understanding the social processes and practices of its time from a religious and scientific perspective, Allpanchis played a key role in that it offered a space for reflection aimed at the ...