Despair generates personal devaluation, which can lead to states of greaterdepression. The aim was to describe experiences of despair in a sample of 224 Mexican youths of both genders aged 26 on average. A questionnaire of nine reagents validated by expert judges was used. The results show that women have experienced it more frequently. Lack of hope in participants is evidenced in the following areas: academic, occupational, economic, emotional, personal, accident / illness. With regard to the causes, women attribute it to internal factors whilemen to external factors. The results reveal that livingin despair increases the risk of losing stability and health in general.

Despair generates personal devaluation, which can lead to states of greaterdepression. The aim was to describe experiences of despair in a sample of 224 Mexican youths of both genders aged 26 on average. A questionnaire of nine reagents validated by expert judges was used. The results show that women have experienced it more frequently. Lack of hope in participants is evidenced in the following areas: academic, occupational, economic, emotional, personal, accident / illness. With regard to the causes, women attribute it to internal factors whilemen to external factors. The results reveal that livingin despair increases the risk of losing stability and health in general.

The present study aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), its convergent validity with a measure of resilience and reliability in a sample of 194 children of both sexes, between 9 and 12 years old in Toluca city, Mexico. The exploratory factor analysis with the principal components method and orthogonal rotation, verifies the dimensional structure that explains 44.85 % of the total variance, and high Cronbach Alpha reliability, suggesting psychometric characteristics similar to those of the original version, and confirms the convergent validity with resilience. It is concluded that the scale is relevant to Mexican children, but there is a need to expand the sample to allow the use of confirmatory techniques.

Some researchers have put in evidence the importance of the family for the individual optimal development, as well as the effects due to the lack of this. Reason why it was investigated if there are some differences between children who live in family and children who live in orphaned situation, in psychological variables such as: self-esteem, locus of control, intra-family relationships, confrontation to the problems in life, and functions of the I (self). It worked with a sample composed by 355 children of both sexes that live in family (200) and (155) who live in orphaned situation. All the children are between 9 to14 years old, and live in Toluca, Mexico State City. The results indicate differences in each one of the scales applied in favor of the family children.

Some researchers have put in evidence the importance of the family for the individual optimal development, as well as the effects due to the lack of this. Reason why it was investigated if there are some differences between children who live in family and children who live in orphaned situation, in psychological variables such as: self-esteem, locus of control, intra-family relationships, confrontation to the problems in life, and functions of the I (self). It worked with a sample composed by 355 children of both sexes that live in family (200) and (155) who live in orphaned situation. All the children are between 9 to14 years old, and live in Toluca, Mexico State City. The results indicate differences in each one of the scales applied in favor of the family children.