Nodular thyroid diseases are the most frequent diseases of the thyroid gland. The prevalence of clinically apparent thyroid nodules is 5% in women and 1% in men living in iodine-deficient regions of the world. However, two decades ago, the widespread use of ultrasound has resulted in a dramatic increase in thyroid nodules, estimated at 19%–68% in the general population1. The high prevalence of thyroid nodules requires evidence-based rational strategies for differential diagnosis, risk stratification, treatment, and follow-up. These strategies focus primarily on the risk of thyroid malignancy. Carcinoma is the most common cancer of the glandular endocrine system and constitutes 1% of human neoplasms. The incidence of thyroid cancer has almost tripled from 4.9 per 100,000 to 14.3 per 100,000 in approximately 35 years, such an incidence is higher if cases of occult carcinoma are taken int...