This study was partially funded by projects CLG2008-04164 and CLG2011-30393 of the Spanish government (PI: I. De la Riva), and the International Cooperation Project funded by the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion Tecnologica (CONCYTEC, Peru) throught Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Cientifico, Tecnologico y de Innovacion Tecnologica (FONDECYT, Peru) and the Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion Productiva (MINCyT, Argentina) (PI. Juan C. Chaparro).

Amphibians have developed different strategies to protect eggs, tadpoles, and froglets. Seven modes of parental care are known: egg attendance, egg transport, tadpole attendance, tadpole transport, tadpole feeding, internal gestation, and froglet transport. Brachycephaloidea (Terrarana) includes 1073 species f which are known to provide parental care. In Peru, seven species of Craugastoridae are known to exhibit parental care, including Bryophryne cophites, Lynchius oblitus Motta, Chaparro, Pombal, Guayasamin, De la Riva, and Padial, 2016.