Introduction: The decline in neonatal mortality is progressive in Peru and around the world, but it is unequal between rich and poor or between urban and rural populations. Objective: To project the national and departmental neonatal mortality rate (NMR) to 2030 and measure the inequality gaps of the indicators within departments. Materials and methods: An ecological observational study was conducted to calculate the national and departmental NMR to 2030 by applying the "algorithm for obtaining SDG3 targets" based on the NMR for the period 2012 to 2021 estimated with death certificates. Results: It was found that by 2030, Peru's average NMR could be reduced by 12%, from 8.81 in 2021 to 7.78 neonatal deaths per 1000 live births. Within the country, Huancavelica, Puno, Cusco, Amazonas and Ayacucho would have the highest weighted NMR, going from 14.62 to 12.20, and in the departments of Tac...