Objective: To examine the factors associated with Peruvian physicians' adherence to guidelines for managing mild COVID-19 cases. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted, surveying certified Peruvian physicians from different regions. A simulated clinical case was used to evaluate their knowledge of the pharmacological management of mild COVID-19 and the potential adverse effects of prescribed medications. Adherence to guidelines was defined as prescribing only acetaminophen and/or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for the proposed mild COVID-19 case, in accordance with international recommendations. Factors associated with adherence were analyzed using prevalence ratios, calculated through Poisson regression with robust variance. Results: A total of 339 physicians participated, 85.0% of whom adhered to the recommended guideline. The most frequently prescri...