The high heterogeneity of meat and meat products can influence the sensory perception of the consumers, being necessary to measure the real impact of these non-controllable variables on the dynamic sensory properties of the smoked bacon during tasting. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of smoking and fat content on the dynamic sensory perception of bacon by Brazilian consumers. For this, four different samples were prepared, varying the fat content (from “low” to “high”) and the type of smoking shown on the product label (natural and artificial). Thirty-five habitual smoked bacon consumers evaluated the dynamic sensory properties of the product using the Temporal Dominance of Sensations (TDS) method. The results were submitted to univariate (bandplot by attribute) and multivariate analyzes (Principal Component Analysis) to study both the dominance rate and its dura...

The high heterogeneity of meat and meat products can influence the sensory perception of the consumers, being necessary to measure the real impact of these non-controllable variables on the dynamic sensory properties of the smoked bacon during tasting. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of smoking and fat content on the dynamic sensory perception of bacon by Brazilian consumers. For this, four different samples were prepared, varying the fat content (from “low” to “high”) and the type of smoking shown on the product label (natural and artificial). Thirty-five habitual smoked bacon consumers evaluated the dynamic sensory properties of the product using the Temporal Dominance of Sensations (TDS) method. The results were submitted to univariate (bandplot by attribute) and multivariate analyzes (Principal Component Analysis) to study both the dominance rate and its dura...

Juan D. Rios-Mera thanks the support of the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovacion ´ Tecnologica ´ - CONCYTEC from Peru (CIENCIACTIVA programme, PhD scholarship contract: No. 238-2018- FONDECYT).

This study aimed to determine the effect of NaCl reduction and addition of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on the quality traits of burgers. Fish oil was either directly incorporated or added as encapsulated by freeze-dried microparticles (complex coacervates) composed of soy protein isolate and inulin. Despite the differences in some parameters associated with NaCl reduction (e.g., instrumental hardness), the quality of the burgers was mainly affected by the microparticles. Thus, a decrease in pH and increase in hardness and chewiness were observed, and a higher exposure of fish oil to oxidation was observed thus increasing volatile oxidation compounds and negatively impacting on the sensory profile and overall liking of the burgers. However, the encapsulation of the fish oil helped to retain EPA and DHA after cooking. The results of the NaCl-reduced burger with unencapsul...

Sodium chloride (NaCl) is an indispensable ingredient in meat products, but the consumption of high doses of sodium contained in their formulations may bring about negative health implications. The replacement of NaCl by other salts in meat products has been a technological challenge. Accordingly, this review highlights the importance of NaCl over other sodium and non‑sodium salts in the saltiness perception and proposes the use of reduced-size and shapes of NaCl to maximize saltiness perception, while using less NaCl dosages in meat products. However, the effect of matrix components (water, proteins and fats) on the final salty taste is of special consideration. To counteract the effect of the matrix components, two main routes of incorporation of different NaCl types in meat products are discussed: encapsulation and protection of NaCl by the hydrophobic component of the meat product....

This study investigated consumers' perceptions of adding bee pollen to bread. An attitude questionnaire composed of 48 statements related to "general health," "light products," "natural products," "salty products," "food as a reward," "pleasure," and "food neophobia" was answered by the participants, who indicated their level of agreement with each statement according to a 5-point Likert scale, ranging from (1) "totally disagree" to (5) "totally agree." A check-all-that-apply (CATA) questionnaire was also employed to characterize 12 visual stimuli. The creation of stimuli was carried out using a factorial design, resulting in 12 images of bread. Three clusters of consumers were identified, each associating positive attributes with stimuli containing bee pollen, regardless of the health claim, while negative attributes were associated with stimuli without added pollen. The main positive d...

This study investigated consumers' perceptions of adding bee pollen to bread. An attitude questionnaire composed of 48 statements related to "general health," "light products," "natural products," "salty products," "food as a reward," "pleasure," and "food neophobia" was answered by the participants, who indicated their level of agreement with each statement according to a 5-point Likert scale, ranging from (1) "totally disagree" to (5) "totally agree." A check-all-that-apply (CATA) questionnaire was also employed to characterize 12 visual stimuli. The creation of stimuli was carried out using a factorial design, resulting in 12 images of bread. Three clusters of consumers were identified, each associating positive attributes with stimuli containing bee pollen, regardless of the health claim, while negative attributes were associated with stimuli without added pollen. The main positive d...

This study investigated consumers' perceptions of adding bee pollen to bread. An attitude questionnaire composed of 48 statements related to "general health," "light products," "natural products," "salty products," "food as a reward," "pleasure," and "food neophobia" was answered by the participants, who indicated their level of agreement with each statement according to a 5-point Likert scale, ranging from (1) "totally disagree" to (5) "totally agree." A check-all-that-apply (CATA) questionnaire was also employed to characterize 12 visual stimuli. The creation of stimuli was carried out using a factorial design, resulting in 12 images of bread. Three clusters of consumers were identified, each associating positive attributes with stimuli containing bee pollen, regardless of the health claim, while negative attributes were associated with stimuli without added pollen. The main positive d...

Iliani Patinho is grateful to CAPES (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, Brazil, for the master scholarship (process n° 1766129). Juan D. Rios-Mera received the support of the CIENCIACTIVA programme, PhD scholarship contract n° 238-2018-FONDECYT. The authors would also like to thank Zucca mushrooms Company, VPJ Foods, Ibrac Additives and Condiments and Sealed Air Brazil, for donating ingredients, raw materials and packaging.