The article is a review of some fundamental writings by Manuel Pardo, complemented with articles by Manuel Atanasio Fuentes and Luis Benjamín Cisneros, in an attempt to approach the economic liberal thought of the second half of the 19th century; especially his vision of development, some state intervention and the integration of the Adine population into the market.

The article presents some approaches to the emergence of the industrial bourgeoisie in the country, developed from a review of the first publications of the National Society of Industries at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, and in particular of its official spokesman " The industry".

The article is an analysis of "El Economista", the first economics seminar in the country, specifically during its first two years. It begins by describing the graphic and administrative characteristics of the magazine. Subsequently and in a fundamental way, it summarizes the articles that present their economic alternative, which the article calls pro-imperialist liberal and which, at its extreme, and through the promotion of white immigration, would have led to the expectation of a foreign Messiah. as the basis of the economic development of the country. It frames the alternative in the changes that occurred in the world economy, with the rise of imperialism, and during the years in which what some call the first economic globalization took place. Apparently, this phenomenon would have generated in the dominant sectors, the same illusions in international capital and in everything exte...