Climate change directly affects crops worldwide, posing an increasing threat to agricultural production and food security. The aim of this study was to design an Internet of Things (IoT) station to monitor microclimates and soil conditions. A system was implemented consisting of central nodes (ESP32 LILYGO T-SIM7000G with the RF module nRF24L01) and secondary nodes (NodeMCU-32, based on the ESP32 microcontroller), equipped with sensors to measure environmental and soil variables such as humidity, temperature, pressure, UV radiation, wind speed, as well as conductivity, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. The devices used included a digital rain gauge MS-WH-SP-RG, a BME 280 sensor, an NPK soil sensor JXBS-3001-NPK-RS, a UV sensor CJMCU-GUVA-S12SD, an anemometer JL-FS2, and a weather vane B08N52YR8Z. The collected data was transmitted via the cloud platform ThingSpeak, and a web interface...

Landslides, triggered by heavy rains, constitute globally impactful natural disasters that wreak havoc on both people and infrastructure. It is crucial to develop predictive systems and efficient alerts, incorporating technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT) to gather environmental data and prevent significant losses. Therefore, the aim of the study was to design and develop an early warning system for landslides using a microcontroller-based wireless sensor network. A digital rocker rain gauge and the MPU 6050, DHT22 and FC-28 sensors were employed. These sensors were distributed at nodes along the Quebrada del Diablo in the city of Tacna. The values captured at each node were processed by the DEVKIT V1 NodeMCU-32 development board, based on the ESP32 microcontroller, and transmitted to a central node through a ZigBee mesh network using Digi's XBee3 devices. The central node wa...