Diabetic foot osteomyelitis is a bone infection associated with diabetic neuropathy and peripheral vascular disease. This occurs as a result of penetration of infection from soft tissues. Definitive diagnosis of osteomyelitis is made by isolating bacteria with biopsy to culture and histopathology. Treatment of this pathology is not standardized, the recommendations discuss the best approach (medical or surgical), duration of antibiotics and their route of administration, auxiliary tests that should be used here, and other aspects addressed in this review. Method: Literature review of studies published in databases about medical and surgical treatment of diabetic foot osteomyelitis. Results: Medical treatment does not cause biomechanical changes in foot, and has better cost-benefit ratio compared to surgical treatment, however, it predisposes to recurrent infections, reulcerations and tox...