The argument that evolution contradicts the second law of thermodynamics arises from a misinterpretation of this law, which does not preclude local increases in order in open systems such as the Earth or living organisms. The second law states that total entropy in an isolated system tends to increase, but it does not exclude the possibility that complexity may increase locally provided it is compensated by a larger increase in entropy in the environment. Evolution and abiogenesis operate within the limits of physical laws. Energy from the Sun drives self-organizing processes, allowing living systems to reduce their internal entropy while increasing the total entropy of the universe. Furthermore, concepts such as Gibbs free energy and dissipative structures explain how biological and chemical processes can generate order without violating thermodynamics. Recent studies connect natural se...

Three main creationist claims that deny the scientific nature of evolutionary theory are refuted: that it is not falsifiable, predictive, or observable. It demonstrates that evolution is falsifiable since improbable findings could challenge it, and discrepancies in data drive further research. The evolutionary theory is also predictive and retrodictive, as evidenced by Darwin's confirmed predictions about pollinators and the discovery of marsupial fossils in Antarctica. Moreover, evolution is observable and testable, with numerous documented cases of adaptation and natural selection. In conclusion, evolution meets scientific criteria and has been consistently validated, thus refuting creationist assertions.