Three models are developed to analyze fishing of the carachi species in Lake Titicaca (Peru-Bolivia). Using the Bioeconomic Model, in the stationary state, the reference points are found for the maximum sustainable return (MSR), the maximum economic return (MER) and free access (FA). The average current extraction rate (X) and the human effort involved (E) in exploiting this resource are 2,216 tons per annum and 8,857 fishermen respectively. These are higher than the optimal values for the MER (1 ,599 tons per annum and 3,016 fishermen) in maintaining a biomass of 19,207 tons. The dynamic model based on the optimal control theory indicates that the levels of the stationary state are sensitive to changes in the price and unit extraction cost parameters. Using the dynamic programming model, optimal values are estimated for different levels of available stock, stable over the long term, th...

Three models are developed to analyze fishing of the carachi species in Lake Titicaca (Peru-Bolivia). Using the Bioeconomic Model, in the stationary state, the reference points are found for the maximum sustainable return (MSR), the maximum economic return (MER) and free access (FA). The average current extraction rate (X) and the human effort involved (E) in exploiting this resource are 2,216 tons per annum and 8,857 fishermen respectively. These are higher than the optimal values for the MER (1 ,599 tons per annum and 3,016 fishermen) in maintaining a biomass of 19,207 tons. The dynamic model based on the optimal control theory indicates that the levels of the stationary state are sensitive to changes in the price and unit extraction cost parameters. Using the dynamic programming model, optimal values are estimated for different levels of available stock, stable over the long term, tha...

Estimating the value of the environmental services represents a crucial element in the process of making decisions on the programs and the environmental politics to develop, as well as an orientation instrument for the implementation of production patterns and more sustainable consumption. From this perspective, the present study has as purpose to estimate the willingness to pay (WTP) of the consumers from Bogotá for ecological panela2 valuation was used. A selected stratified sampling of the population was determined by socioeconomic stratum for the city of Bogotá; the consumers were asked if they would be willing to pay for ecological panela, as well as topics related to their consumption behavior, likes, preferences, environmental, social commitment, and their socioeconomic characteristics. By means of the combination of this method of economic valuation and qualitative information,...

Estimating the value of the environmental services represents a crucial element in the process of making decisions on the programs and the environmental politics to develop, as well as an orientation instrument for the implementation of production patterns and more sustainable consumption. From this perspective, the present study has as purpose to estimate the willingness to pay (WTP) of the consumers from Bogotá for ecological panela2 valuation was used. A selected stratified sampling of the population was determined by socioeconomic stratum for the city of Bogotá; the consumers were asked if they would be willing to pay for ecological panela, as well as topics related to their consumption behavior, likes, preferences, environmental, social commitment, and their socioeconomic characteristics. By means of the combination of this method of economic valuation and qualitative information,...