This work received funding from FONDECYT-CONCYTEC (contract number 004-2016-FONDECYT), CAPES (PVE 125000/2014-00), FAPEMIG (PPM 00006-16), and CNPq (Universal 421521/2016-3 and PQ 307062/2016-3).

The present work is the study of the different methods used to determine the toxicity produced by the presence of a contaminating metal in the blood. Mainly, the presence of lead in the blood was taken as a reference to focus the work, knowing that metals like Cadmium (Cd) and Mercury (Hg) are also toxic to health and the environment. Although the information is extensive on the methods to be studied and in some cases it is not detailed to define each process, a comparative study of the most relevant and currently used methods can be carried out, taking into account that the choice will be defined according to the main characteristics of each one. Although all agree to be electrochemical processes, there are details to know which method to choose, either by sensitivity, economic or even structural factors, such as having a laboratory for its development. Environmental pollution with toxi...

This study is being published as part of the International Climate Initiative (IKI). The Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety (BMUB) supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag. The authors would like to thank UN – Environment and the Peruvian Ministry of Environment (MINAM), namely Ignacio Sánchez and Adriana Zacarías, for technical support. Daniel Verán, Úrsula Cárdenas, Eduardo Parodi, Félix Cabrera, Alexis Dueñas, Marco Gusukuma, Alessandro Gilardino and Isabel Quispe, all from PUCP, are thanked for valuable scientific exchange. Ricardo Estrada, Manuel García Rosell and William Chata, from MINAM are thanked for their contribution with data to the current project. MSc student Gustavo Larrea-Gallegos thanks the Peruvian Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica ...

El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado.