This study aims to identify the main risk factors for the consumption of drugs without a prescription in the adult population of El Milagro, with particular attention to the existence of differential patterns of self-medication. Method: To explain the self-medication is used a prospective method, transverse, analytic, using as control variables as factors related to the patient, the environment, with the process and with professionals. The data come from the sample of adults in a survey of the adult population of the town center including 385 people. Results: Results show that individuals with a higher risk of self-medication are those with previous experience chronic accessibility to drugs and accessibility to medical professionals and other factors. Conclusions: Major risk factors have female sex, age, marital status, the unemployed, those without medical insurance, who have previous e...