The objective was to determine the relationship between maternal-fetal variables and prematurity in neonates treated at the Loreto Regional Hospital in the city of Iquitos during the years 2018 and 2019. The quantitative method was used with a retrospective descriptive correlational non-experimental design. The sample consisted of 126 medical records. The technique was the documentary review and the instruments, maternal and fetal characteristics sheet in premature neonates and prematurity classification sheet in neonates. The SPSS statistical package version 24.0 was used to process the information and the chi square statistical test (x2) was used for the analysis. The results were: there is a significant statistical relationship between prematurity and age p = 0.011 (p < 0.05), maternal prenatal checkups p = 0.000 (p < 0.05), maternal tobacco use p = 0.014 (p < 0.05), parity in the mot...