Objective. To describe febrile neutropenia in oncohematological patients in Latin America, its bacteriological profle and resistance.  Methods. A systematic review study was carried out, following PRISMA  criteria in order to respond to the research objective. Information was  collected from observational studies,  review articles, meta-analysis,  systematic reviews, in English and Spanish. The review was carried out in the LILACS, PubMed, ScienceDirect and SciELO databases, using Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms and health sciences descriptors (DeCS) for the search strategy. Results. A total of 9 articles were selected, showing that the predominant germs associated  with patients with febrile neutropenia are gram-negative bacilli, with  Escherichia coli being the main and  least resistant. On the other hand, Klebsiella pneumoniae and  Pseudomona aeruginosa are more resista...