We present the first systematic classification of circulation regimes that characterize the Tropical Andes during the dry season (May–August). We apply the hierarchical k-means clustering method to ERA-Interim reanalysis data of daily mean geopotential height at 500- and 200-hPa levels for the period 1981–2015. Specifically, by combining the variability in intensity and location of geopotential anomalies we identify 12 circulation types (CTs). We then establish the relationship between the CTs and surface conditions in the Peruvian Andes (PA) analysing high-resolution gridded datasets of daily mean temperature and rainfall. Our results indicate that intense precipitations and low minimum temperatures are often associated with an Upper Tropospheric Trough (UTT) centred at subtropical latitudes (~30°S) and between 80° and 70°W of longitude. Moreover, drier and warmer conditions acro...

La pandemia de COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) ocasionada por SARS-CoV-2 (Coronavirus del Síndrome Respiratorio Agudo Severo, de tipo 2), es una enfermedad multisistèmica, de relevancia no solo por los síntomas respiratorios que ocasiona, sino también por la presencia de los múltiples signos y síntomas extrapulmonares, caracterizados por distribución anatómica, frecuencia e intensidad variable. En la génesis de COVID-19, si bien destaca el rol de los receptores ECA-2 (Enzima Convertidora de angiotensina tipo II), son importantes otros mediadores, tales como: TMPRSS-2 (Serina-Proteasa Transmembrana de tipo 2) y las Catepsinas B y L. Tales componentes moleculares tienen su rol fisiopatológico en la interacción celular con SARS-CoV-2, a través de las diversas etapas del ciclo de replicación viral con expresión clínica diversa. Actualmente la evidencia científica destaca ...

The highly productive waters of the Humboldt Current System (HCS) host a particular temperate ecosystem within the tropics, whose history is still largely unknown. The Pisco Formation, deposited during Mio-Pliocene times in the Peruvian continental margin has yielded an outstanding collection of coastal-marine fossils, providing an opportunity to understand the genesis of the HCS ecosystem. We present a comprehensive review, completed with new results, that integrates geological and paleontological data from the last 10 My, especially focusing on the southern East Pisco Basin (Sacaco area). We discuss the depositional settings of the Pisco Formation and integrate new U/Pb radiometric ages into the chronostratigraphic framework of the Sacaco sub-basin. The last preserved Pisco sediments at Sacaco were deposited ~ 4.5 Ma, while the overlying Caracoles Formation accumulated from ~ 2.7 Ma on...