Type 2 diabetes mellitus appears when the body does not use insulin correctly, causing hyperglycemia, with the consequent compromise of organs and systems. Diabetic retinopathy is the most common microvascular complication of DM2 and is characterized as a progressive microangiopathy that selectively damages retinal arterioles, capillaries and precapillary venules6, Objective: To determine the efficacy of stem cells in regenerative therapy of retinopathy diabetic. Methods: literature review of studies published in Pubmed databases on regenerative treatment of diabetic retinopathy based on stem cells. Results: ASC stem cell-derived pericytes can integrate into retinal vessels, adopting pericyte morphology and marker expression, triggering an effective cytoprotective microenvironment in the retina. MSCs can improve histological structures affected by diabetic retinopathy by decreasing infla...