A partir del siglo XVIII se instala el modernismo que promovió la evidencia objetiva, la utilidad racional y el descubrimiento de las leyes de la naturaleza. A partir de la segunda parte del siglo XX, naufraga el optimismo ingenuo del progreso indefinido y nace un nuevo tipo de sociedad individualista, centrada en el presente, que privilegia el consumo y el hedonismo: la posmodernidad. La fiebre consumista de satisfacciones inmediatas ha continuado durante el siglo XXI en lo que está siendo llamado hipermodernidad, más desenfrenada que nunca, aunque envuelta en un halo de temores e desasosiegos. Se investiga el proceso histórico que dio lugar al hiperconsumo para después plantear si acaso ésta es la última etapa de la historia o si habrá un poshipermodernismo. El sociólogo Z.Bauman (2007) estima que la posibilidad de producir un nuevo tipo de cultura es prácticamente n...

En estos nuevos tiempos hipermodernos la figura del líder se caracteriza por tras- mitir una imagen exitosa en medio de los aplausos y aclamaciones de la multitud. Muy diferente son los líderes que despliega la historia sagrada de la Biblia. Allí el hombre sobresaliente aparece con sus debilidades y fracasos, con virtudes que le ayudan a sobreponerse a la adversidad, encarnando valores excelsos que lo cons- tituyen en modelos siempre vigentes. En el presente artículo se analiza diferentes perspectivas de líderes bíblicos en relación a la figura singular de Judá, el cuarto hijo del patriarca Jacob, fundador del pueblo de Israel.

Partiendo de la promulgación de la ley de Dios en el Sinaí, con la prohibición de no “hacer imágenes”, se reseña históricamente las etapas principales de cómo las imágenes fueron adquiriendo mayor protagonismo hasta los tiempos hipermodernos, dominado por las “pantallas” (TV, GPS, PC, celulares, etc.) y una cultura hipervisual globalizada, que podría llamarse iconofílica, muy próxima a la iconolatría, lo que nos ubica en las antípodas del Sinaí. A partir de este contexto, se analiza el concepto de “imagen” en el Apocalipsis y, especialmente, la interpretación del teólogo Jon Paulien, quien interpreta la tercera bestia de Apocalipsis 13 —que emerge de la tierra— como una falsificación del Espíritu Santo. Tradicionalmente, la teología adventista ha identificado a esa bestia como los Estados Unidos de Norteamérica. El propósito de ese poder es hacer “g...

In these new hypermodern times the figure of the leader is characterized byconvey a successful image amid the applause and the crowd cheers. However,very different are the leaders that display the sacred history of the bible. Withintheir context a remarkable character appears with his weakness and failures andonly God’s grace helps overcome the adversity and incarnating lofty values thatconstitute existing models always. In this paper we analyze different perspectiveson biblical leaders regarding the singular figure of Judah, the fourth son of thepatriarch Jacob founder of Israel.

From the 18th century one installs the modernism that there promoted the objective evi- dence, the rational usefulness and the discovery of the laws of the nature. From the second part of the 20th century, there sinks the ingenuous optimism of the indefinite progress and there is born a new type of individualistic company, centre on the present, which favors the consumption and the hedonism: the postmodern era. The consumer fever of immediate satisfactions to continued during the 21st century in what it is being called the hypermo- dernity, wilder than never, though wrapped in a halo of dreads and uneasiness’s. There is investigated the historical process that gave place to the hyperconsumption later to raise if perhaps this one is the last stage of the history or if there will be a poshypermodernism. The sociologist Z.Bauman (2007) thinks that the possibility of producing a new type o...

In these new hypermodern times the figure of the leader is characterized byconvey a successful image amid the applause and the crowd cheers. However,very different are the leaders that display the sacred history of the bible. Withintheir context a remarkable character appears with his weakness and failures andonly God’s grace helps overcome the adversity and incarnating lofty values thatconstitute existing models always. In this paper we analyze different perspectiveson biblical leaders regarding the singular figure of Judah, the fourth son of thepatriarch Jacob founder of Israel.

From the 18th century one installs the modernism that there promoted the objective evi- dence, the rational usefulness and the discovery of the laws of the nature. From the second part of the 20th century, there sinks the ingenuous optimism of the indefinite progress and there is born a new type of individualistic company, centre on the present, which favors the consumption and the hedonism: the postmodern era. The consumer fever of immediate satisfactions to continued during the 21st century in what it is being called the hypermo- dernity, wilder than never, though wrapped in a halo of dreads and uneasiness’s. There is investigated the historical process that gave place to the hyperconsumption later to raise if perhaps this one is the last stage of the history or if there will be a poshypermodernism. The sociologist Z.Bauman (2007) thinks that the possibility of producing a new type o...

The author overviews the most important researches made on patients (and non-patients too), from different health care areas, to identify the influence that the patients’ optimism or pessimism may have on their physical condition. These contributions provided amazing information and unsuspected functions, wherein it is agreed that to have hope is the true “laboratory of health”.