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We believe that the principal flaw of the evaluations and suggestions of the Tupac Amaru Project that appeared in the last weeks in newspapers and magazines its caused by the fact that its analyzed in vacuo, without framing it inside the social and economic structure and dynamics, without taking into account the social groups and the class fractions in collision and coalision, whose relative power is a reflection of the level and distribution of wealth and propriety. It goes into detail of the project, without stablishing its implied “rationality” with the dynamics of peripheral capitalism in Peru. Our objective in this paper is to look schematically the social and political process that the country is passing since the beginning of the “modernization process”. This procedure is justified, on one hand, because “the options of societies, between different alternatives of moderni...

The study of the rubber industry and its economic and social consequences in Peru, allow us to rethink a series of arguments that we believe are of some importance to understand more clearly the true sense of the process of national and regional underdevelopment in Peru. The rubber is not more than one additional case in the long list of "booms-product" that the country has suffered throughout its history. 

When discussing serious problems of underdevelopment, it is discovered, as very important elements to break the barrier of backwardness, the integration national integration and articulation. The phenomenon of national integration and its conversion into a true nation-state requires, in most cases, the contribution of a system of effective communications and transport, without which the possibility of internal articulation becomes remote. Failure to achieve this interaction of different geographic-productive in the country, instead of an articulated country there will be a society torn apart, in which the constituent most striking is the “heterogeneous underdevelopment”: that is, a society shaped by areas poorly integrated with each other, where the common element between them will be given by the interaction of them to the metropolis ...

Uno de los temas más controvertidos en los últimos treinta años tanto en el campo de la política económica como en el de la economía política, ha sido el de las empresas públicas (EP'S) y sus posibles efectos e influencias en el desarrollo económico de los países periféricos. Recientemente, el tema ha cobrado una importancia mayor en América Latina debido al continuo y sostenido crecimiento de éste tipo de empresas en los distintos países de la región. Muchas de las empresas más grandes del mundo son públicas; en el plano latinoamericano, las EP'S figuran entre las más grandes de sus respectivos países. Siguiendo el análisis de Eduardo White, podemos ver que: "La participación sectorial de las EP'S abarca desde los servicios públicos hasta la producción de bienes de consumo. Además de buena parte de la actividad crediticia y financiera; las actividades productivas...