To determine the association of anemia and its impact on academic performance in preschool children. Academic performance is the student's achievement of the educational goals pre-programmed in a conventional manner for their age. Materials and methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional investigation was carried out with a non-experimental correlational design. 56 preschoolers, both genders, whose ages ranged between 3 and 5 years, were evaluated during the 2016 academic year. A data collection form was used and statistical calculations were carried out with the statistical program Windows SPSS version 24. Results: 42.9% of the total of preschool children presented anemia. Academic Performance: Mathematics (A = 44.6%, B = 50%, C = 5.4%); Communication / Art (A = 46.4%, B = 46.4%, C = 7.1%); Social Personnel / Religion (A = 76.8%, B = 23.2%, C = 0%); Science and Environment (A = 55.4%, B = 4...