Introduction: There is limited research on neglected diseases. Medicinal plants are potential sources of antimicrobial compounds. Objectives: To determine the toxicity of Aloysia triphylla essential oil and citral activity against Trypanosoma cruzi in mice. Design: Experimental study in vivo, preclinical. Setting: Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru. Biological material: Albino mice. Main outcome measures: Signs of toxicity and mortality and parasitemia. Interventions: Acute oral toxicity at single dose was evaluated in albino rats. For trypanocidal activity mice were assigned to the following groups: untreated infected (G1), infected and treated with citral at doses 50, 150 and 300 mg/kg/day (G2, G3 and G4 respectively), infected and treated with benznidazole 100 mg/kg (G5), and uninfected and untreated (G6). Parasitemia was determined individually ...