What we have in Peru at the beginning of the XXIst century is a formal and not a real nationState. It did not let the market to perform efficiently; neither did it properly satisfy the demands of the majority of the people. This led to the State’s loss of legitimacy. This can be explained by the lack of a political elite capable of putting forward a long-term project to the country. The reversal of that deficit works on the premise that the historical project will contribute decisively in the nation-building process only if it accomplishes to carrying out the essential interests of the population and to safeguard the strategic interests of the country.

In academic discussion on the road Peruvian society should follow to integral development various problem areas are addressed for analysis and proposals: macroeconomic equilibria, productive diversification (including industrialization), social development (including education, mainly), and environmental conservation. These different paths reveal a specialization of knowledge, which can nevertheless be seen as a perspective not trascending the uni-discipline approach. As many have already remarked, social reality is multi-dimensional; but research endeavours do not always appropriately satisfy that condition when a problem is raised. This paper aims at setting up questions and at going forward in giving proper consideration from a better intellectual division of labour to the main problems of underdevelopment in our society.

The aim of this article is to think about public policies, their nature, and the role the State is to perform. Public policies show a way to people, and given the complex nature of social, economic and political reality, a topic to be studied is the quality of policies. Reality is in continuous change and processes can present surprising turns. International scene is under transformation. This and the need to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals add up to be a big challenge. In this context, an adequate tool for public policies is development planning.

What we have in Peru at the beginning of the XXIst century is a formal and not a real nationState. It did not let the market to perform efficiently; neither did it properly satisfy the demands of the majority of the people. This led to the State’s loss of legitimacy. This can be explained by the lack of a political elite capable of putting forward a long-term project to the country. The reversal of that deficit works on the premise that the historical project will contribute decisively in the nation-building process only if it accomplishes to carrying out the essential interests of the population and to safeguard the strategic interests of the country.

In academic discussion on the road Peruvian society should follow to integral development various problem areas are addressed for analysis and proposals: macroeconomic equilibria, productive diversification (including industrialization), social development (including education, mainly), and environmental conservation. These different paths reveal a specialization of knowledge, which can nevertheless be seen as a perspective not trascending the uni-discipline approach. As many have already remarked, social reality is multi-dimensional; but research endeavours do not always appropriately satisfy that condition when a problem is raised. This paper aims at setting up questions and at going forward in giving proper consideration from a better intellectual division of labour to the main problems of underdevelopment in our society.

El objetivo de este artículo es el de hacer una reflexión sobre las políticas públicas, su naturaleza, y el rol que con ellas desempeña el Estado. Presenta la idea de que las políticas públicas señalan un rumbo a la población. Dada la amplitud de la realidad social, económica y política a la que se dirige la acción del Estado, un tema central a discutir es la calidad en las políticas públicas. Discute el tema de los requerimientos metodológicos de las políticas públicas, así como la ejecución de las mismas. Señala que la realidad es cambiante, y que los procesos presentan giros sorpresivos. Hay contextos nuevos al darse transformaciones en el entorno internacional. La necesidad de lograr los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible presenta un reto complejo, ante el cual una herramienta idónea para las políticas públicas es la planificación del desarrollo.

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Discussion on development goes on for decades in the international academic circles. There’s no agreement not even in how it should be defined. As regards how to move forward in the path of development, focus is centered in public policies. Analysts, however, are more concerned about the management of policies. This diminishes thinking on policies themselves, on their foundations. In that area, social sciences turn out to perform their task. Out of their research findings, theoretical approaches are derived, which may be divergent among themselves. From a general point of view, the particular approach which turns out to be applied depends on the character of the institutions prevalent in the particular society. Institutions may be either conservative or transforming. To have one or the other character depends on the political elite orientation. This takes us to the dilemma science or p...

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La discusión sobre desarrollo lleva ya décadas en el ambiente académico internacional. No hay ni siquiera acuerdo sobre cómo éste debe ser definido. En cuanto a cómo avanzar en la senda del desarrollo, el foco se centra en las políticas públicas. Los analistas, sin embargo, se preocupan más por el aspecto de la gestión de las políticas. Esto le resta énfasis a la reflexión sobre las políticas en sí mismas, a sus fundamentos. En este terreno, aparecen las ciencias sociales haciendo su papel. De los hallazgos de sus investigaciones derivan los enfoques teóricos, que pueden ser divergentes. Desde una óptica general, los enfoques que llegan a aplicarse dependen del carácter de las instituciones prevalentes en cada país. Las instituciones pueden ser conservadoras o transformadoras. El que sea vigente uno u otro tipo de instituciones refleja la orientación de la elite polí...

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This artic!e portravs thefindings o( a rescarch carried out in a Lima Metropolitana urban commuuitv and ina rural community ofthe highlunds (!{Arequipa. 11shows thatfirmlv established cultural ClIst01l/S 111minto aframework within which violence within the [amily against wontan is perceived as a natural ph(,)/()/IICI/OII. Thus. organizations (//1(/ persous restrain themselves from doing anvthing about it. As emeofthe social orgauizations leader pointed out. h'OI/lt'11 wlio sltjJí.'reti uggression didn t wish al/y intervention to take place since ir was «a master O¡¡{¡, panaining the couple». Therc are no ejfir'acio({s strcucuie» [or thc (/'''/1'1'1'('11("(' 01' domestic violence against 11'011/('1/, neithcr 0/1 {lit individua! (J,. a collcctive /('1"('/, uorfront grass-roots local organizations orfroni IIIt! gOI'Crl/III!!II/.

This artic!e portravs thefindings o( a rescarch carried out in a Lima Metropolitana urban commuuitv and ina rural community ofthe highlunds (!{Arequipa. 11shows thatfirmlv established cultural ClIst01l/S 111minto aframework within which violence within the [amily against wontan is perceived as a natural ph(,)/()/IICI/OII. Thus. organizations (//1(/ persous restrain themselves from doing anvthing about it. As emeofthe social orgauizations leader pointed out. h'OI/lt'11 wlio sltjJí.'reti uggression didn t wish al/y intervention to take place since ir was «a master O¡¡{¡, panaining the couple». Therc are no ejfir'acio({s strcucuie» [or thc (/'''/1'1'1'('11("(' 01' domestic violence against 11'011/('1/, neithcr 0/1 {lit individua! (J,. a collcctive /('1"('/, uorfront grass-roots local organizations orfroni IIIt! gOI'Crl/III!!II/.