The objective of this research was to determine the consequences of the adoption of agroecological production systems in the parish of Toacaso in terms of social, environmental, economic, and general sustainability. Considering the economic, social, cultural, and environmental dimensions, the methodology proposed by Sarandón (2002) was used to determine the indicators. The methodology proposed by Ortiz and Pradel (2009) was adopted in the evaluation of impacts in Integrated Pest Management programs. Surveys with questions related to the social, economic, and environmental consequences were conducted on 44 agroecological farmers and 44 conventional producers in the parish of Toacaso. Additionally, a sample of 44 conventional producers from the parish of Mulaló was identified as “control” treatment, which allowed to perform a comparison with and without the adoption of agroecological...

An environmental impact assessment was carried out in the Chancay-Huaral valley for tomato, bell pepper, cucumber, carrot, and lettuce crops. Additional surveys and interviews were conducted to 96 farmers and 10 of the main pesticide supplies in the area. We determined that for the tomato crops between 33 to 42 pesticides applications were made with 27 active ingredients; for the bell pepper crops 36 to 45 applications with 28 active ingredients; for the cucumber crops 22 applications with 19 active ingredients; for the carrot crops 8 applications with 11 active ingredients; and for the lettuce crops 12 applications with 15 active ingredients. For these applications, the farmers prepared the mixtures using commercial formulations or according to their own criteria, guided by the suppliers. Due to the number of applications carried out, the pesticide withdrawal periods were not respected,...