Extensive cavities with a mesio-occluso-distal preparation (MOD) should be reinforced to distribute the stress caused by occlusal forces to reduce the risk of cuspid and vertical fractures that compromise the success of the restoration. Restorative materials must support masticatory loads; therefore, it is necessary that they provide adequate fracture resistance to avoid restoration failure. The objective of this study was to conduct a review of the scientific literature on the use of polyethylene fibers as reinforcement in MOD cavities. A literature search was conducted using PubMed and Cochrane with the descriptors: "fiber reinforced composite", " polyethylene fibers " and "ribbond fiber" from 2014 to 2024. Currently, the use of polyethylene reinforcement fibers in restorative dentistry has increased, because it has been shown that their mechanical behavior favors fracture resistance b...