To date there were no reports of the history of Ancylostoma pluridentatum that was described in Italy, on the basis of Brazilian specimens in 1905. The only two further autochthonous references of the species occurred in 1910 and 2008, respectively, with no previous historical data during those 98 years in which the species was ignored in Brazil; in the present note, the occurrence of A. pluridentatum in the Americas is briefly accounted, on what concerns geographical distribution and hosts. In South America, A. pluridentatum is referred in the southeast (Atlantic Forest) and north (Amazon rain forest) regions of Brazil, in Argentina (Formosa Province) and in Colombia (Choco, Nariño); in Central America is cited in Panama (Achiote, Colon) and in North America in north, southern and south regions of Florida.

The present findings update of previously published results on the nematodes parasitizing Brazilian mammals, with the inclusion of other genera, species and hosts. Measurements and illustrations are only related to the nematodes representing new taxa, and to those that were either redescribed or reported in Brazil occurring in mammals since 1997: Ancylostoma pluridentatum (Alessandrini, 1905), Angiostrongylus lenzii Souza, Simões, Thiengo, Lima, Mota, Rodrigues-Silva, Lanfredi, Maldonado Jr, 2009, Anisakis physeteris Baylis, 1923, A. simplex (Rudolphi, 1808) Dujardin, 1845, A. typica (Diesing, 1860), Anisakis sp., Ascaris elongata (Rudolphi, 1819), Avellaria intermedia Durette- Desset, Gonçalves & Pinto, 2006, Cheiropteronema globocephala Sandground, 1929, Contracaecum sp., Dentostomella translucida Schulz & Krepkorgorskaya, 1932, Freitastrongylus angelae Gonçalves, Pinto &...

During studies of fish helminths, deposited in the Helminthological Collection of the Oswaldo Cruz Institute (CHIOC), some samples of nematodes were studied and identified as Rhabdochona uruyeni Diaz-Ungria, 1968. The present status of the species occurring in South America is discussed and updated. To facilitate further accesses, a worldwide bibliographical survey related to systematic, taxonomic, morphological, biological, cladistical and ecological approaches to the genus, covering a period of 165 years is presented. To date, Rhabdochona (Rhabdochona) acuminata is referred in Argentina, Brazil, and Ecuador, together with Rhabdochona (Filochona) fabianae in Argentina and Rhabdochona (Rhabdochona) uruyeni in Venezuela and now in Brazil, for the first time and in a new host. Also, Rhabdochona spp. are cited in Argentina, Brazil and Peru. Rhabdochona colossomi Diaz-Ungria, 1968 is conside...

The first case of a natural helminth infection with the cestode Taenia mustelae in a specimen of the procyonid Bassarycion gabbii, the bushy-tailed olingo, from the municipality of Barcelos, State of Amazonas, Brazil is reported here. Achecklist of 15 cestode species parasitizing other procyonid hosts in the Americas, between 1958 and 2009 is included in order to update previous data. In the considered period there are no records in Mexico and Central America countries. This is the first report of T. mustelae in South America and B. gabbii is a new host record for this cestode species.

Forty-six samples of nematodes recovered from Brazilian specimens of Crotalus durissus Linnaeus, 1758, commonly named rattlesnake were studied. Snakes either died in captivity, under which they were kept for production of serum, or were found dead in nature. Other samples of nematodes from this host and preserved} in the Helminthological Collection of the Oswaldo Cruz Institute (CHIOC) were also analyzed. The most prevalent species were those of the genus Ophidascaris Baylis, 1920: O. arndti Sprehn, 1929, O. durissus Panizzutti, Santos, Vicente, Muniz-Pereira & Pinto, 2003, O. sicki Freitas, 1951, O. tuberculatum Siqueira, Panizzutti, Muniz-Pereira & Pinto, 2005 and Ophidascaris sp., followed by specimens allocated in Hexametra Travassos, 1920: H. boddaertii (Baird, 1860) Kreis, 1944, and Kalicephalus Molin, 1861: K. inermis macrovulvus Caballero, 1954, Kalicephalus sp. Also, spe...