Inside the Peruvian civil process, there are warranties that seek to protect the rights of the persons who come to it. Since these warranties  are  affirmed in the   Peruvian Constitution and in international human rights treaties, they are considered as fundamental rights. One of them is the right to a second hearing.The present essay is a constructive critic of the principle of the right to appeal. The hypothesis consists in proving, through an economic analysis,  that  the  second hearing does not play a role in our legal system.

Los mitos –dice De Trazegnies– son saludables y enriquecedores con relación a esas verdades y a esos conocimientos que no pueden ser expresados sino míticamente. Pero cuando la forma mítica desciende del plano de los grandes misterios de la Divinidad; del Cosmos y del Yo y pasa a sustituirse a la razón o a la observación en los campos propios del análisis crítico o de la comprobación rigurosa de los hechos, entonces el mito se prostituye y se convierte en pseudo-ciencia o en pseudo-historia; en este caso su función es empequeñecedora y oscurecedora antes que iluminadora y ampliadora de la conciencia. Como se puede apreciar, la historia –y, en esa medida, nuestro propio conocimiento– está salpicada y contaminada por mitos y leyendas, absurdas creencias y afirmaciones inexactas. La doble instancia es parte de esta historia. La historia de los mitos.

The injury in contract law is a notion that has not been exempt from criticisms that question its relevance and usefulness in the Peruvian legal system. In this line, in this paper the author analyzes article 1447 of the Civil Code from different angles, such as the economic analysis of law and diverse national and international doctrine.Finally, the author concludes that this figure is important and necessary for a Rule of Law; but not without first recognizing that the injury in contract law should be rethought, but not eliminated.

Inside the Peruvian civil process, there are warranties that seek to protect the rights of the persons who come to it. Since these warranties  are  affirmed in the   Peruvian Constitution and in international human rights treaties, they are considered as fundamental rights. One of them is the right to a second hearing.The present essay is a constructive critic of the principle of the right to appeal. The hypothesis consists in proving, through an economic analysis,  that  the  second hearing does not play a role in our legal system.

Is it advisable for a State to eliminate the annulment action of its Law of Arbitration? Can the parties, by virtue of their party autonomy, waive the annulment action?.In the present article, the author demonstrates that the annulment action has a psychological and a legal-political basis, since, on the one hand, it satisfies the psychological need to challenge or contradict, which is inherent of human beings and; on the other, within the framework of Constitutional State it constitutes a democratic tool that guarantees the control of power.

Los mitos –dice De Trazegnies– son saludables y enriquecedores con relación a esas verdades y a esos conocimientos que no pueden ser expresados sino míticamente. Pero cuando la forma mítica desciende del plano de los grandes misterios de la Divinidad; del Cosmos y del Yo y pasa a sustituirse a la razón o a la observación en los campos propios del análisis crítico o de la comprobación rigurosa de los hechos, entonces el mito se prostituye y se convierte en pseudo-ciencia o en pseudo-historia; en este caso su función es empequeñecedora y oscurecedora antes que iluminadora y ampliadora de la conciencia. Como se puede apreciar, la historia –y, en esa medida, nuestro propio conocimiento– está salpicada y contaminada por mitos y leyendas, absurdas creencias y afirmaciones inexactas. La doble instancia es parte de esta historia. La historia de los mitos.

The injury in contract law is a notion that has not been exempt from criticisms that question its relevance and usefulness in the Peruvian legal system. In this line, in this paper the author analyzes article 1447 of the Civil Code from different angles, such as the economic analysis of law and diverse national and international doctrine. Finally, the author concludes that this figure is important and necessary for a Rule of Law; but not without first recognizing that the injury in contract law should be rethought, but not eliminated.

Is it advisable for a State to eliminate the annulment action of its Law of Arbitration? Can the parties, by virtue of their party autonomy, waive the annulment action?.In the present article, the author demonstrates that the annulment action has a psychological and a legal-political basis, since, on the one hand, it satisfies the psychological need to challenge or contradict, which is inherent of human beings and; on the other, within the framework of Constitutional State it constitutes a democratic tool that guarantees the control of power.

Is it advisable for a State to eliminate the annulment action of its Law of Arbitration? Can the parties, by virtue of their party autonomy, waive the annulment action?.In the present article, the author demonstrates that the annulment action has a psychological and a legal-political basis, since, on the one hand, it satisfies the psychological need to challenge or contradict, which is inherent of human beings and; on the other, within the framework of Constitutional State it constitutes a democratic tool that guarantees the control of power.

The injury in contract law is a notion that has not been exempt from criticisms that question its relevance and usefulness in the Peruvian legal system. In this line, in this paper the author analyzes article 1447 of the Civil Code from different angles, such as the economic analysis of law and diverse national and international doctrine.Finally, the author concludes that this figure is important and necessary for a Rule of Law; but not without first recognizing that the injury in contract law should be rethought, but not eliminated.

Inside the Peruvian civil process, there are warranties that seek to protect the rights of the persons who come to it. Since these warranties  are  affirmed in the   Peruvian Constitution and in international human rights treaties, they are considered as fundamental rights. One of them is the right to a second hearing.The present essay is a constructive critic of the principle of the right to appeal. The hypothesis consists in proving, through an economic analysis,  that  the  second hearing does not play a role in our legal system.

What is «liquidable» and how should this concept be faced by arbitrators and judges? Can an enforcement judge determine concepts such as costs, interests and/or penalties if the arbitral tribunal has not provided any parameters? What fundamental rights might be violated? In accordance with international arbitration practice, we will deal here with the problems arising from the division of functions between judges and arbitrators in relation to the enforcement of the «liquidable» concepts.

What is «liquidable» and how should this concept be faced by arbitrators and judges? Can an enforcement judge determine concepts such as costs, interests and/or penalties if the arbitral tribunal has not provided any parameters? What fundamental rights might be violated? In accordance with international arbitration practice, we will deal here with the problems arising from the division of functions between judges and arbitrators in relation to the enforcement of the «liquidable» concepts.

What is «liquidable» and how should this concept be faced by arbitrators and judges? Can an enforcement judge determine concepts such as costs, interests and/or penalties if the arbitral tribunal has not provided any parameters? What fundamental rights might be violated? In accordance with international arbitration practice, we will deal here with the problems arising from the division of functions between judges and arbitrators in relation to the enforcement of the «liquidable» concepts.