This study applies a logistic multilevel analysis to the test results of Peruvian students in science, mathematics, and reading in the PISA 2015 round. It focuses on measuring the impact of student socioeconomic and contextual factors on low academic performance. The socioeconomic status of the students and the socioeconomic composition of the school appear to be the main factors that affect the poor performance. Other contextual factors, such as repetition, mother tongue, school size, grade, non-truancy and gender, are associated with low achievement. It is also worth highlighting the presence of non-contextual emotional factors that affect academic risk such as sense of belonging to a school, achievement motivation, and test anxiety.

This study analyzes and compares the academic and social segrega­tion by socioeconomic status among the districts o the Metropolitan Lima area, with respect to the student achievement in mathematics, reading and science tests applied during the 2019 School Census in the second grade of secondary education. To measure segregation, it uses the Dissimilarity index, which highlights the importance of private schools, the Mutual Information index that reports on inter-school and intra-school segregation and belonging to the same social category. Likewise, Moran’s autocorrelation index is presented, which visualizes the existence of socially and academically differentiated conglomerates according to the territorial location of the schools. These indices reveal a heterogeneous structure of segregation whose intensity varies according to the social composition of public and private schools in...