Through descriptive and econometric analysis, this paper examines the conceptualization and effect generated by the tax rate of Income Tax on the profitability of companies. First, applying a descriptive-analytical methodology, the conceptualization of the factors that affect the tax rate and its behavior over time was verified. On the other hand, to measure the impact of the income tax rate on profitability, a company from the agrobiotechnology sector listed on the Mexican Stock Exchange was used during 1993-2018. Among the outstanding findings, in the case of Mexico, the corporate rate is a standard tax rate whose behavior presented minor changes throughout the period studied. Nevertheless, the results of the empirical tests allow us to affirm that the rate has a significant influence on the business profitability of the sector.