The article analyzes, from a legal and criminological perspective, the role of gender in the conception and application of the criminal justice system, throughout its different stages. As such, it starts by questioning the apparent neutrality offered by criminal law categories, built up and interpreted from an androcentric lens that excludes and devalues female experiences, interests and values.Through a critical literature review that studies the interaction of punitive and patriarchal power, the direct and indirect empirical effects, at a comparative level, of criminal laws, substantive and procedural, designed and applied without a gender perspective are exposed and analyzed. The author afifirms that legal practitioners that apply criminal law tools ought to do so in consideration with gender sensitivity, while formulas of alternative justice that decentralize the traditional punitive...

The principle of legality needs to transcend its formal dimension to address the arbitrariness of punitive power and rationalize its interventions. In light of new social, economic, political, and legal contexts an approach focused solely on the formal aspects of a criminal provision is insufficient to ensure that its design and application serve, not merely to coerce, but to communicate and reaffirm values and principles derived from the constitutional and international human rights legal order.In this article, the author describes the metamorphosis that the principle of legality has undergone since its Enlightenment origins to question the relevance of some of its traditional subguarantees. This situation requires imbuing the principle of legality with an axiological content that allows legal practitioners to reconcilie the legality with the legitimacy of the punitive power represented...

Currently, the right to die with dignity has come to the forefront in the Peruvian political debate since the domestic legal framework not only denies this right to whom aims to exercise, but penalizes it. However, when transcending this legal framework, the outlook varies.This article explores the scope and content of the human rights that underpin the right to die with dignity exercised by a conscious person in full mental faculties requesting to put an end to its life due to intolerable pain suffered as a result of an incurable disease. Based on the study of international instruments of human rights protection, as well as the jurisprudence of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, it is argued that one’s faculty to intervene in one’s life not only does not constitute a violation of international obligations of States Parties to treaties such as the American Convention, but repr...

This article studies sexual violence as a weapon of war perpetrated in contexts of armed conflicts and analyzes, based on the Peruvian case, the applicable legal framework to prosecute and punish such acts during the non international armed conflict between 1980-2000 under the light of national and international criminal law and international human rights law. According to the Final Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Comission, in certain areas, this violence qualified as crimes against humanity and war crimes. Judging these only under the criminal statute applicable at the time of the events is insufficient for the State’s international obligations to prosecute and punish this phenomenon. Thus, it is suggested, the use of international standards that gives content to the national statute, as well as an alternative interpretation of the principle of legality that allows appreh...

Public allegations of sexual or gender-based violence made through social media serve as a “release valve” for victim-survivors who distrust the State’s ability to meet their justice needs. This alternative complaint mechanism highlights the systemic nature of these forms of violence that have been tolerated, denied or silenced by our society. For victim-survivors, public allegations can provide spaces for validation, support and understanding. However, in certain cases, the response to these allegations may exacerbate the primary victimization caused by the violence experienced. This occurs when accused aggressors file defamation lawsuits against the victims, effectively turning them into offenders in the eyes of the justice system. This is the diagnosis upon which this article is based. From this point of view, the author provides guidelines in identifying judicial remedies appli...

The article analyzes, from a legal and criminological perspective, the role of gender in the conception and application of the criminal justice system, throughout its different stages. As such, it starts by questioning the apparent neutrality offered by criminal law categories, built up and interpreted from an androcentric lens that excludes and devalues female experiences, interests and values.Through a critical literature review that studies the interaction of punitive and patriarchal power, the direct and indirect empirical effects, at a comparative level, of criminal laws, substantive and procedural, designed and applied without a gender perspective are exposed and analyzed. The author afifirms that legal practitioners that apply criminal law tools ought to do so in consideration with gender sensitivity, while form...

The principle of legality needs to transcend its formal dimension to address the arbitrariness of punitive power and rationalize its interventions. In light of new social, economic, political, and legal contexts, an approach focused solely on the formal aspects of a criminal provision is insufficient to ensure that its design and application serve, not merely to coerce, but to communicate and reaffirm values and principles derived from the constitutional and international human rights legal order.In this article, the author describes the metamorphosis that the principle of legality has undergone since its Enlightenment origins to question the relevance of some of its traditional subguarantees. This situation requires imbuing the principle of legality with an axiological content that allows legal practitioners to reconc...

Currently, the right to die with dignity has come to the forefront in the Peruvian political debate since the domestic legal framework not only denies this right to whom aims to exercise, but penalizes it. However, when transcending this legal framework, the outlook varies.This article explores the scope and content of the human rights that underpin the right to die with dignity exercised by a conscious person in full mental faculties requesting to put an end to its life due to intolerable pain suffered as a result of an incurable disease. Based on the study of international instruments of human rights protection, as well as the jurisprudence of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, it is argued that one’s faculty to intervene in one’s life not only does not constitute a violation of international obligations of States Parties to treaties such as the American Convention, but repr...

La persecución y sanción de crímenes internacionales enfrenta aparentemente una barrera en el Perú: el principio de legalidad. Dado que no están implementados (o no lo están debidamente) en el derecho interno, aplicarlos directamente desde el derecho penal internacional es para un nutrido sector de la doctrina, un imposible jurídico que solo podría solucionarse si antes se tipifican correctamente en el Código Penal o en una ley penal especial. Ello, a fin de garantizar el fiel cumplimiento del nullum crimen sine lege, en virtud del cual el Estado -se sostiene- sólo puede sancionar penalmente las conductas calificadas como delito antes de su comisión en una ley previa, estricta, escrita y clara. La presente investigación parte de la premisa que, al día de hoy, es insuficiente la respuesta que ofrece el principio de legalidad estricta y formal al momento de investigar y proces...

En el Perú, existe una opinión generalizada de que los jueces reproducen estereotipos de género al dictar sentencias por el delito de violencia sexual. Sin embargo, muy pocos estudios han examinado críticamente si las decisiones judiciales están, y de qué manera, influenciadas por mitos de violación y otros estereotipos de género. Este trabajo llena este vacío a través de una evaluación cualitativa de sentencias judiciales de casos de violación contra mujeres víctimas-sobrevivientes mayores de 14 años, emitidas durante el período de 2015-2020, a través de un análisis temático y crítico del discurso. Los hallazgos indican que los mitos de la violación sexual todavía informan la decisión de los jueces en la interpretación de la ley, evaluación de las evidencias y construcción de los hechos. Las implicancias de este trabajo incluyen una mejor comprensión de las for...

La persecución y sanción de crímenes internacionales enfrenta aparentemente una barrera en el Perú: el principio de legalidad. Dado que no están implementados (o no lo están debidamente) en el derecho interno, aplicarlos directamente desde el derecho penal internacional es para un nutrido sector de la doctrina, un imposible jurídico que solo podría solucionarse si antes se tipifican correctamente en el Código Penal o en una ley penal especial. Ello, a fin de garantizar el fiel cumplimiento del nullum crimen sine lege, en virtud del cual el Estado -se sostiene- sólo puede sancionar penalmente las conductas calificadas como delito antes de su comisión en una ley previa, estricta, escrita y clara. La presente investigación parte de la premisa que, al día de hoy, es insuficiente la respuesta que ofrece el principio de legalidad estricta y formal al momento de investigar y proces...

This article studies sexual violence as a weapon of war perpetrated in contexts of armed conflicts and analyzes, based on the Peruvian case, the applicable legal framework to prosecute and punish such acts during the non international armed conflict between 1980-2000 under the light of national and international criminal law and international human rights law. According to the Final Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Comission, in certain areas, this violence qualified as crimes against humanity and war crimes. Judging these only under the criminal statute applicable at the time of the events is insufficient for the State’s international obligations to prosecute and punish this phenomenon. Thus, it is suggested, the use of international standards that gives content to the national statute, as well as an alternative interpretation of the principle of legality that allows appreh...

Public allegations of sexual or gender-based violence made through social media serve as a “release valve” for victim-survivors who distrust the State’s ability to meet their justice needs. This alternative complaint mechanism highlights the systemic nature of these forms of violence that have been tolerated, denied or silenced by our society. For victim-survivors, public allegations can provide spaces for validation, support and understanding. However, in certain cases, the response to these allegations may exacerbate the primary victimization caused by the violence experienced. This occurs when accused aggressors file defamation lawsuits against the victims, effectively turning them into offenders in the eyes of the justice system. This is the diagnosis upon which this article is based. From this point of view, the author provides guidelines in identifying judicial remedies appli...

The principle of legality needs to transcend its formal dimension to address the arbitrariness of punitive power and rationalize its interventions. In light of new social, economic, political, and legal contexts, an approach focused solely on the formal aspects of a criminal provision is insufficient to ensure that its design and application serve, not merely to coerce, but to communicate and reaffirm values and principles derived from the constitutional and international human rights legal order.In this article, the author describes the metamorphosis that the principle of legality has undergone since its Enlightenment origins to question the relevance of some of its traditional subguarantees. This situation requires imbuing the principle of legality with an axiological content that allows legal practitioners to reconc...

Currently, the right to die with dignity has come to the forefront in the Peruvian political debate since the domestic legal framework not only denies this right to whom aims to exercise, but penalizes it. However, when transcending this legal framework, the outlook varies.This article explores the scope and content of the human rights that underpin the right to die with dignity exercised by a conscious person in full mental faculties requesting to put an end to its life due to intolerable pain suffered as a result of an incurable disease. Based on the study of international instruments of human rights protection, as well as the jurisprudence of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, it is argued that one’s faculty to intervene in one’s life not only does not constitute a violation of international obligations of States Parties to treaties such as the American Convention, but repr...

The article analyzes, from a legal and criminological perspective, the role of gender in the conception and application of the criminal justice system, throughout its different stages. As such, it starts by questioning the apparent neutrality offered by criminal law categories, built up and interpreted from an androcentric lens that excludes and devalues female experiences, interests and values.Through a critical literature review that studies the interaction of punitive and patriarchal power, the direct and indirect empirical effects, at a comparative level, of criminal laws, substantive and procedural, designed and applied without a gender perspective are exposed and analyzed. The author afifirms that legal practitioners that apply criminal law tools ought to do so in consideration with gender sensitivity, while form...

Public allegations of sexual or gender-based violence made through social media serve as a “release valve” for victim-survivors who distrust the State’s ability to meet their justice needs. This alternative complaint mechanism highlights the systemic nature of these forms of violence that have been tolerated, denied or silenced by our society. For victim-survivors, public allegations can provide spaces for validation, support and understanding. However, in certain cases, the response to these allegations may exacerbate the primary victimization caused by the violence experienced. This occurs when accused aggressors file defamation lawsuits against the victims, effectively turning them into offenders in the eyes of the justice system. This is the diagnosis upon which this article is based. From this point of view, the author provides guidelines in identifying judicial remedies appli...

This article studies sexual violence as a weapon of war perpetrated in contexts of armed conflicts and analyzes, based on the Peruvian case, the applicable legal framework to prosecute and punish such acts during the non international armed conflict between 1980-2000 under the light of national and international criminal law and international human rights law. According to the Final Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Comission, in certain areas, this violence qualified as crimes against humanity and war crimes. Judging these only under the criminal statute applicable at the time of the events is insufficient for the State’s international obligations to prosecute and punish this phenomenon. Thus, it is suggested, the use of international standards that gives content to the national statute, as well as an alternative interpretation of the principle of legality that allows appreh...