Introduction: Responses of oral-microflora-exposed dental pulp to a triple antibiotic paste (TAP), a mixture of ciprofloxacin, metronidazole, and minocycline in ointment with macrogol and propylene glycol, remain to be fully clarified at the cellular level. This study aimed to elucidate responses of oral-microflora-exposed dental pulp to capping with TAP in mouse molars. Methods: A cavity was prepared on the first molars of 6-week-old mice to expose the dental pulp for 24 h. The exposed pulp was capped with TAP (TAP group) or calcium hydroxide cement (CH group), in addition to the combination of macrogol (M) and propylene glycol (P) (MP, control group), followed by a glass ionomer cement filling. The samples were collected at intervals of 1, 2, and 3 weeks, and immunohistochemistry for nestin and Ki-67 and deoxyuride-5'-triphosphate biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay were performed i...