The present study was carried out with the objective of determining if the high values of pulse oximetry (> 90%) constitute a risk factor for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in neonates of the Neonatology service of the Belén de Trujillo Hospital. For this purpose, a retrospective analytical study of cases and controls was carried out, with a population of 104 neonates with less than 1500 g of birthweight and less than 32 weeks of gestational age registered between the 2012-2017 period; divided into 2 groups: with ROP and without it; the odds ratio and the chi square test were calculated. Obtaining that the averages of gestational age and birth weight were significantly lower in the group with ROP than in the group without ROP. The frequency of high pulse oximetry values in neonates with ROP was 52%, while 25% in those without ROP (p <0.05). It should be noted that there were significa...