The social sciences and literature have been in permanent dialogue, for various issues, thus both have dealt with the complex issues of social classes or the caste system that was studied and systematized by the social sciences and represented in literature: novels, stories , oral tradition. The person who articulated these two fields was José María Arguedas, who thanks to the publication of his anthropological work allows comparative studies between both fields. In this sense, this article proposes to analyze the story ““Pongoq mosqiynin / El Sueño del Pongo” through a comparison between his anthropological work and the story, with this the intervention of Arguedas in the complex relations between race and class will be observed.

Murals of the Casa del Deán, inspired by Petrarch’s Triumphs and realized by indigenous painters in the late 16th century in the town of Puebla, provide a clear example of how image is used, effectively, in the process of adoption and “transgression” of the european canons in America. Triumphs and the Canzoniere were very widespread in the colonial America library market. However, if on one hand the Petrarchan canon acquires a relevant role in the Colonial mimesis processes, on the other hand is converted in a descolonizing space, where indigenous points of view coexist with Neoplatonic Renaissance style elements. Only through those gaps created by image within the Western codes is concretized – as Lezama Lima said – an “art of the contraconquista”.