“ackground and aims: Our aim in this meta-analysis was to determine the effect of soy and soy product supplementation on serum adiponectin levels. Method: A systematic search was conducted using Medline (PubMed and Web of Science), Scopus, and Cochrane Library for eligible trials up to August 2020. A random-effects model was used to pool calculated effect sizes. Results: Seven trials were included in the overall analysis. Our analysis showed that soy and soy product supplementation did not significantly affect adiponectin concentrations (WMD ¼ 0.77 mg/ml, 95% CI: 0.61, 2.15, P ¼ 0.27) in comparison with a placebo. The between-study heterogeneity was high (I2: 68.2%, P ¼ 0.004). Subgroup analysis, based on participants’ health status and duration of the supple- mentation, could not detect the potential source of the observed heterogeneity. In addition, subgroup analysis showed that...