The present work aims to make an evaluation of the current conditions of the border integration relations between Peru and Brazil and of the perspectives that these can reach in the future, having as axis of these relations the Acre-Madre de Dios link, whose approach has dominated the public debate and consultations at the state level and in which the largest in terms of border programs have been engaged.

The article begins with the study of the historical background of the Islamic renaissance until the British colonization in the Arabian Gulf and the creation of independent states in the sixties. Then it reviews the 1973 oil crisis, which led to an unprecedented period of accumulation and forced the Gulf countries to manage significant levels of reserves and invest in economic and social development. Next, it analyzes the conformation of their societies and the state participation in economic activities. Finally, it analyzes the international projection of their economies and the relationship that Peru can establish from the large projects that they have been promoting.

No description

Since the 1990s, a number of African countries have begun a process of modernization of their economies, liberalizing their foreign trade, improving their infrastructure and taking steps towards digitalization, which has stimulated the sustained growth of their economies. The guidelines of the Reinforced Peruvian Foreign Policy aim to take advantage of the new African horizon, expanding Peru’s presence in that continent. The present article rehearses a strategy to achieve the formation of a partnership for development together with African nations.