In this paper we study the causes of the origin of the crisis 2008-2009, from three theoretical positions. First, economic history, whose approach helps to contextualize the change of model from a Benefactor State to a Neoliberal State. Historians consider that the dynamics of the neoliberal period refers to a long-horizon event according to post-crisis actions and because there are no viable alternative paths against the theory that strives for freedom at all costs.Second, from conventional economic theory the main cause of the crisis was the lack of market mechanisms to regulate economic activity; position that is opposed to a heterodox approach: State must intervene in economic processes. Finally, the Marxist Political Economy studies the facts from a relatively recent category, financialization, where the accumulation model is based on finance.  The financial sector extends to a...

In this paper we study the causes of the origin of the crisis 2008-2009, from three theoretical positions. First, economic history, whose approach helps to contextualize the change of model from a Benefactor State to a Neoliberal State. Historians consider that the dynamics of the neoliberal period refers to a long-horizon event according to post-crisis actions and because there are no viable alternative paths against the theory that strives for freedom at all costs.Second, from conventional economic theory the main cause of the crisis was the lack of market mechanisms to regulate economic activity; position that is opposed to a heterodox approach: State must intervene in economic processes. Finally, the Marxist Political Economy studies the facts from a relatively recent category, financialization, where the accumulation model is based on finance.  The financial sector extends to a...