ARUap:idPdleiaasgencoosntfiicrmtethsatsta(lRlhDeaTdsi)nfgolervceolsroarnearveiprruessednisteedacsoerr(eCcOtlyV: ID) are used in low- and middle- income countries (LMICs) to inform treatment decisions. However, to date, it is unclear when this use is cost-effective. Existing analyses are limited to a narrow set of countries and uses. The aim of this study is to assess the cost-effectiveness of COVID RDTs to inform the treatment of patients with severe illness in LMICs, considering real world practice. We assessed the cost-effectiveness of COVID testing across LMICs using a decision tree model, differentiating results by country income level, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) prevalence, and testing scenario (none, RDTs, polymerase chain reaction tests—PCRs and combinations). LMIC experts defined realistic care pathways and treatment options. Using a healthcare...