Tomo 1. Páginas 106-124

Tomo 2. Páginas 1115-1130

The main paradox of the land tenure regime in the name of the Altiplano during the latter part of the colonial period was the following: land was cheap. It had not yet become a "commodity good", since in principle it was marketed as a secondary part of the livestock capital it fed. In most of the transactions the value of the cattle and that of their pastures was one. Without the cattle the pastures were worth very little. This corresponded to a situation in which both livestock and population were not numerous.

The economic development in the south of Peru towards the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, a period in which the export of wool was of determining importance, represents a special problem for Peruvian history: Why? -In the cattle ranches and the indigenous communities-were the structures of agrarian production maintained so traditional and archaic, without capital investments, intensifying production methods or introducing salaried labor relations in the large agricultural estates?

Historians dedicated to the study of Latin America in the 19th and 20th centuries agree that the increase in the demand for primary goods in European and North American countries undergoing industrialization gave rise to far-reaching changes in the productive structure, social and political of Latin American countries.