Currently, mental illness in children and adolescents is on the rise. Anxiety and depression are the most prevalent. On the other hand, anemia, which affects approximately one third of the world's population, has been linked to certain mental disorders. The objective of this project is to demonstrate whether iron deficiency anemia is a risk factor for anxiety and/or depression in children. Thus, if the proposed association is demonstrated, a new reason to avoid and prevent iron deficiency anemia could be identified and will contribute to generate an approach for health authorities to develop better prevention and health promotion strategies.