Santiago Ramón y Cajal explains that in order to investigate the psychology of ants, we must consider the data related to tropisms, perceptions, associative memory, reflex acts, superior instincts, etc. He divides the ants into two large groups: poliopsic ants, whose eyes have eight hundred or more corneal facets, which see well o regularly, and oligopsic ants that look very little and whose corneal facets range from seventy to five hundred. Cajal concludes that oligopsic ants have a great sensorial poverty. Except tact and smell, which are very developed, the remaining senses render confused and fragmented observations of the outside world. Poliopsic ants, on the other hand, are sensitive to colors and particularly impressed with black.

In 1931, Olivér Brachfeld interviewed Ortega y Gasset for the Internationale Zeitschrift für Individual-Psychologie magazine. His book, Inferiority feelings, was published in 1936. In this article, we analyze the reception of Ortega y Gasset’s thoughts through the successive editions of Brachfeld’s work. Brachfeld argues that Ortega y Gasset establishes the foundations for a behavior analysis grounded on the feelings of self-esteem, and formulates a theory of inferiority feelings. Ortega y Gasset claims that arrogance results from a reaction, a diminution of our being, and explains it when he states that our spirit revolts and rebels against a reality that destroys our self-esteem. For Ortega y Gasset and Brachfeld, the level of this feeling gives rise to inferiority feelings. Thus, the nature of a particular society will depend on the way its members value themselves.

Santiago Ramón y Cajal explains that in order to investigate the psychology of ants, we must consider the data related to tropisms, perceptions, associative memory, reflex acts, superior instincts, etc. He divides the ants into two large groups: poliopsic ants, whose eyes have eight hundred or more corneal facets, which see well o regularly, and oligopsic ants that look very little and whose corneal facets range from seventy to five hundred. Cajal concludes that oligopsic ants have a great sensorial poverty. Except tact and smell, which are very developed, the remaining senses render confused and fragmented observations of the outside world. Poliopsic ants, on the other hand, are sensitive to colors and particularly impressed with black.

In 1931, Olivér Brachfeld interviewed Ortega y Gasset for the Internationale Zeitschrift für Individual-Psychologie magazine. His book, Inferiority feelings, was published in 1936. In this article, we analyze the reception of Ortega y Gasset’s thoughts through the successive editions of Brachfeld’s work. Brachfeld argues that Ortega y Gasset establishes the foundations for a behavior analysis grounded on the feelings of self-esteem, and formulates a theory of inferiority feelings. Ortega y Gasset claims that arrogance results from a reaction, a diminution of our being, and explains it when he states that our spirit revolts and rebels against a reality that destroys our self-esteem. For Ortega y Gasset and Brachfeld, the level of this feeling gives rise to inferiority feelings. Thus, the nature of a particular society will depend on the way its members value themselves.