In this paper, the author focuses on the development of the procedural costs that must be borne by the State as part of the process, with special incidence in labor and labor administrative-contentious disputes. Then, it makes a necessary tour of the notions of modern State and self-protection, in order to understand how this organization was initially abstracted from judicial control and how it was possible that it was brought to trial. To explain this scenario, the author resorts to the verdicts of the Court of Conflicts and the French Council of State, as well as the decisions of the Supreme Court of Justice of the Argentine Nation. Subsequently, it is dedicated to the study of the Code of Civil Procedure as general adjective regulation and establishes the elemental character of the theory of reparation (wrongly call of maturity) with minimal notes of the subjective theory and of the ...

The author of this essay proceeds to analyze the various pronouncements of the Peruvian Judiciary contained not only in second-degree sentences but also in full jurisdictional sessions as well as in cassations through which, in the practical scenario of jurisprudence, the jurisdiction of the contentious-administrative judge before other judges, such as civil or labor, in matters related to administrative actions of administrative law as well as those administrative actions of private law generated by organizations that exceptionally perform administrative functions or provide public services to the the same as those that combine administrative actions of administrative law with other types of actions of individuals under a regulation other than that of administrative law that do not always allow the competent judge to be identified, clearly, to subject the administration to sufficient ju...

El autor analiza el tema de la infracción administrativa como un instituto cercano a la noción de pena, pues maneja la noción de la tipicidad, antijuridicidad y culpabilidad, aunque en un escenario atenuado donde le es imposibilitado a la administración determinar castigos que impliquen privación de libertad de la persona que interactúa como administrado enfocándose también en el instituto de la sanción con el propósito de entender las razones por las cuales se le concibe como un mal lo que parecería moverse desde una maniqueísta visión de lo bueno y lo malo que resulta contrario a la visión vicarial de la administración atada a la objetividad del proceder público; en igual manera, se centra en determinadas instituciones colindantes con el Derecho sancionador como son las medidas de restablecimiento de la legalidad, las órdenes administrativas de cese de actividades, los...

Este artículo analiza la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Constitucional y del Tribunal del Servicio Civil, acerca del control de la Contraloría General de la República. Hace un  balance del “control judicial suficiente” en su actividad sancionadora, evidencia los aspectos débiles y puntos resaltantes. Para ello se enfoca en la actividad sancionadora de la administración, la jurisprudencia y la doctrina acerca del ejercicio punitivo de las organizaciones públicas. También, hace un estudio de las sentencias del Tribunal Supremo español y la Corte Constitucional colombiana.

The author analyzes the issue of administrative infraction as an institute close to the notion of punishment, since it handles the notion of typicity, unlawfulness and guilt, although in an attenuated scenario where the administration is unable to determine punishments that involve deprivation of liberty of the person who interacts as administered also focusing on the institute of the sanction with the purpose of understanding the reasons why it is conceived as an evil what would seem to move from a mannequin view of the good and the bad that is contrary to the vicarial vision of the administration tied to the objectivity of public action; in the same way, it focuses on certain institutions adjacent to the sanctioning Law such as the measures to restore the legality, the administrative orders for the cessation of activities, the warnings, intimations and requirements, the suspension with...

The author analyzes the issue of administrative infraction as an institute close to the notion of punishment, since it handles the notion of typicity, unlawfulness and guilt, although in an attenuated scenario where the administration is unable to determine punishments that involve deprivation of liberty of the person who interacts as administered also focusing on the institute of the sanction with the purpose of understanding the reasons why it is conceived as an evil what would seem to move from a mannequin view of the good and the bad that is contrary to the vicarial vision of the administration tied to the objectivity of public action; in the same way, it focuses on certain institutions adjacent to the sanctioning Law such as the measures to restore the legality, the administrative orders for the cessation of activities, the warnings, intimations and requirements, the suspension with...

La historia del hombre es la historia de la disconformidad y del ensimismamiento. Aunados a la ciencia y la razón, ambos fenómenos culturales han sido el motor del progreso humano. No obstante, con el auge de la ciencia y la correlativa mejora de la tecnología en el mundo actual, se asume que es posible dotar al hombre como especie de mejoras biológicas y tecnológicas que lo lleven más allá del tiempo hacia una efectiva trascendencia; en suma, hacia su inmortalidad a través del transhumanismo. Por supuesto, este pensamiento no está exento de la crítica que se sustenta, entre otras diversas y variopintas cuestiones, en la integridad de un recipiente de origen divino que es el cuerpo, lo que inhabilitaría toda posibilidad humana de mejora y en el papel de la ciencia para, presumiblemente, usurpar la posibilidad de la creación como proceso no humano. En el presente ensayo, el au...

The author of this essay analyzes the right to lunch break based on the approach made through the preliminary project of the Labor Code proposed by the Executive Branch, and focuses on developing the scope of the right to a work break as a stand-alone definition of lunch break since it refers not only to consuming food, especially to having lunch, but to developing a space for personal interaction that allows employees to continue with their work activities after the time given by employers for food consumption. While it is recognized that the right to work break does not have a direct constitutional reference, it is worth noting that it comes from the sum of the fundamental rights to dignity and health. In accordance with what is argued, this analysis specifies the need for the right to work break to be valued more broadly, and we should focus on developing the bases by which it should ...

The author of this essay focuses on administrative certification as an administrative law technique and points out that the intentional notion of such administrative act is a concept that does not allow the understanding of the analyzed issue. To this end, it is taken into account that the certification does not imply a mere administrative intentional declaration, but involves statements that prove sense of judgment, desire and knowledge of public organization in order to then analyze the role of procurement as a singular area of legaladministrative relations in which public authorities interact with individuals, being analyzed in a role different from the elementary one of administered subjects, so that both parties obtain a mutual benefit under the enormous legal administrative regime which, although intervenes as a contracting party, it does not lose its capacity as a public administr...

Informality is conceived as a social phenomenon and legally reprehensible, as it does not align with the standards of good coexistence within the community, and is perceived, from this perspective, as contrary to the rationality of the Western world. However, beyond these considerations, which are not always acceptable and involve more of a value judgment than an objective reality, this phenomenon is a response to the various contexts citizens face. Among these, it stands out as a means of adaptation to state rules. Typically, the concept of informality is linked to the private sector. However, against all expectations, informality is also present in the public sphere, particularly in the area of personnel provision within public-law organizations. In this context, the author focuses on analyzing the various concrete expressions that, within the Peruvian context, allow for the identifica...

Este artículo analiza la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Constitucional y del Tribunal del Servicio Civil, acerca del control de la Contraloría General de la República. Hace un  balance del “control judicial suficiente” en su actividad sancionadora, evidencia los aspectos débiles y puntos resaltantes. Para ello se enfoca en la actividad sancionadora de la administración, la jurisprudencia y la doctrina acerca del ejercicio punitivo de las organizaciones públicas. También, hace un estudio de las sentencias del Tribunal Supremo español y la Corte Constitucional colombiana.

The author of this essay analyzes the right to lunch break based on the approach made through the preliminary project of the Labor Code proposed by the Executive Branch, and focuses on developing the scope of the right to a work break as a stand-alone definition of lunch break since it refers not only to consuming food, especially to having lunch, but to developing a space for personal interaction that allows employees to continue with their work activities after the time given by employers for food consumption. While it is recognized that the right to work break does not have a direct constitutional reference, it is worth noting that it comes from the sum of the fundamental rights to dignity and health. In accordance with what is argued, this analysis specifies the need for the right to work break to be valued more broadly, and we should focus on developing the bases by which it should ...

Informality is conceived as a social phenomenon and legally reprehensible, as it does not align with the standards of good coexistence within the community, and is perceived, from this perspective, as contrary to the rationality of the Western world. However, beyond these considerations, which are not always acceptable and involve more of a value judgment than an objective reality, this phenomenon is a response to the various contexts citizens face. Among these, it stands out as a means of adaptation to state rules. Typically, the concept of informality is linked to the private sector. However, against all expectations, informality is also present in the public sphere, particularly in the area of personnel provision within public-law organizations. In this context, the author focuses on analyzing the various concrete expressions that, within the Peruvian context, allow for the identifica...

The author of this essay focuses on administrative certification as an administrative law technique and points out that the intentional notion of such administrative act is a concept that does not allow the understanding of the analyzed issue. To this end, it is taken into account that the certification does not imply a mere administrative intentional declaration, but involves statements that prove sense of judgment, desire and knowledge of public organization in order to then analyze the role of procurement as a singular area of legaladministrative relations in which public authorities interact with individuals, being analyzed in a role different from the elementary one of administered subjects, so that both parties obtain a mutual benefit under the enormous legal administrative regime which, although intervenes as a contracting party, it does not lose its capacity as a public administr...